The spread and metastasis of esophageal cancer mostly occur in the late stage. Cancer cells in advanced stage of esophageal cancer are easy to spread and will rapidly spread and metastasize to other organs, then patients will become panic and the treatment will become very difficult. Therefore, we should understand the common causes of esophageal cancer spreading and metastasis in order to do effective prevention. 1.Low adhesion of cancer cells Because of the special chemical composition and structure of cancer cell surface, the adhesion between cancer cells is low and the connection is loose, and cancer cells can be easily separated from the whole cancer mass, which provides conditions for esophageal cancer to metastasize and spread. 2.Fast reproduction of cancer cells The number of cancer cells increases dramatically in a short period of time and exceeds the original space, and the cancer cells at the edge will be forced to enter into the surrounding tissues, causing esophageal cancer metastasis. 3.Cancer cells secrete special substance Cancer cells secrete special substance to dissolve and destroy surrounding tissues, which opens the way for esophageal cancer to spread and metastasize. 4.Cancer cells contain a special substance that can promote thrombosis Cancer cells contain a special substance that can promote thrombosis, so that cancer cells can attach to the blood vessel wall or other parts and continue to grow after entering the blood vessels, laying the foundation for hematogenous metastasis. 5.Other reasons The spread and metastasis of esophageal cancer are also related to the patient’s physical quality, the treatment method adopted and whether the treatment is timely.