Lumbar spondylolisthesis is the movement of a vertebral body relative to the next vertebra. first described by Herbinaux in 1782 and named spondylolisthesis by Kilian in 1854. It is a relatively common condition. There are six major categories, including congenital, isthmic pathology, and degenerative. Treatment begins with conservative options, including pain medication, aerobic exercise such as stationary bicycling, physical therapy such as transcutaneous electrical stimulation and ultrasound, exercise therapy such as swimming and brisk walking, and weight control are also very important. Because lumbar spondylolisthesis can manifest as many physical, emotional and psychological symptoms, these can be managed by multi-level integrated pain management. Such as anesthesia, physical therapy, psychiatric, physical and occupational behavior and other social worker interventions. Such multilevel interventions are beneficial for both surgical and non-surgical patients. Regarding surgical treatment, it is only necessary when there is intractable low back pain and there are symptoms of nerve compression in the lower extremities. The surgical procedures are decompression, in situ fixed fusion, and repositioned fixed fusion. Decompression fusion is the standard method. As for in situ fusion or repositioning fusion, it depends on the situation. The treatment focus is on pain relief, elimination of neurological symptoms, and avoiding continued aggravation of the slippage, with correction of the deformity being secondary. However, this procedure is very complex, has a high risk, and has a relatively large number of complications, so the indications should be strictly controlled.