HIV is a single-stranded RNA virus, belonging to the family of retroviruses, that infects humans and mainly attacks CD4+ T lymphocytes in the human body. By destroying the CD4+ T lymphocytes, the immune function of the human body decreases, and when the CD4+ T lymphocyte count decreases to a certain level, the patient becomes susceptible to various infections, and at this time the patient enters the AIDS stage. Pneumocystis pneumonia, cryptococcal meningitis, cytomegalovirus retinitis, Kaposi’s sarcoma, etc. can occur in patients in the AIDS stage, and eventually patients will die due to secondary infections. The current treatment for AIDS is mainly antiviral therapy, which is administered to inhibit the replication of HIV virus by taking antiviral drugs, so that the patient’s immune system can gradually recover.