The heart is the most important organ of the human body that consists of a mechanical system of muscles, a vascular system and an electrical system together. Among the various causes of changes in the structure of the heart muscle, which further causes changes in the contraction and diastole of the heart, is called cardiomyopathy. 1, etiology and classification: at present, cardiomyopathy can be divided into primary cardiomyopathy and secondary cardiomyopathy, primary cardiomyopathy is not fully understood, mainly including dilated cardiomyopathy, hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, restrictive cardiomyopathy, etc., the name of the disease according to the changes in the structure of the heart muscle named; the other category is secondary cardiomyopathy, is due to other systemic diseases caused by part of the system, through active treatment of the original disease, the it is possible to prevent and reduce cardiomyopathy. 2, the main performance: cardiomyopathy according to its impact on the structure of the heart and the length of the disease, can appear different performance, the light only have structural damage to the heart, cardiac function can be in the compensatory stage without clinical symptoms; with the progress of the disease, can show varying degrees of dyspnea and body circulation, pulmonary circulation stasis performance, severe cardiomyopathy can cause chronic, acute heart failure, malignant arrhythmias and even sudden death. Common cardiomyopathy manifestations are as follows: (1) dilated cardiomyopathy: slow onset, symptoms are most common with shortness of breath and edema, initially shortness of breath after labor or exertion, then also shortness of breath during mild activity, and in severe cases, rest and nocturnal paroxysmal dyspnea; edema is dominated by sunken edema at the site of limb prolapse, often symmetrical bilaterally; (2) hypertrophic cardiomyopathy: early stage can be asymptomatic, later can have palpitations, exertional dyspnea, precordial stuffiness, easy fatigue, syncope and even sudden death. (3) restrictive cardiomyopathy: weakness, dyspnea and decreased exercise tolerance are common symptoms of restrictive cardiomyopathy. Early detection, early diagnosis and early treatment are the most important aspects in the prevention and treatment of cardiomyopathy, which is a group of diseases with structural and functional changes in the cardiac muscle system. If symptoms or physical examination reveals changes in the structure of the heart, early examination should be improved and active treatment should be provided.