Percutaneous translaminar vertebroplasty was first used clinically by Deramond in 1984. In 1994, PVP was approved by the FDA for use in the United States, and it has been used for the treatment of osteoporotic vertebral compression fractures, vertebral hemangiomas, myeloma, and metastatic osteolytic tumors in an increasingly wide range of applications. The most common complication is leakage of bone cement into the spinal canal or surrounding tissues. It has also been used for fresh vertebral fractures and even severe burst fractures. However, it often fails to correct the posterior convexity deformity caused by the fracture, and the presence of the deformity can be secondary to impairment of cardiopulmonary and digestive function. Possible complications of PVP versus PKP include infection, epidural hematoma, rib fracture, postoperative re-fracture (adjacent vertebrae/surgical vertebrae) and neurological symptoms associated with cement leakage, systemic symptoms and even pulmonary embolism. Leakage of cement is the most common complication; the cement leakage rate is 40% for PVP and 8% for Kyphoplasty (KP), and most of the leaks are asymptomatic in a short period of time; however, the leaked cement may also cause neurological damage or even paraplegia due to mechanical compression, fever, chemical toxicity, etc. (1) Strictly grasp the indications for surgery, patients with obvious free fracture blocks and incomplete posterior wall of vertebral body should be listed as relative contraindications; (2) PKP expansion balloon should be placed in the anterior middle third of vertebral body to reduce the risk of fracture block displacement; (3) Master the timing and volume of bone cement injection, choose to push in the dough phase, generally not more than 3 ml in thoracic spine and not more than 5 ml in lumbar spine. In addition, we should be alert to delayed nerve injury, and once new low back pain occurs after surgery, the possibility of re-fracture should be thought of, and timely diagnosis and treatment should be made to avoid the occurrence of nerve injury as much as possible. Pulmonary embolism is a serious and fatal complication. During the injection of bone cement into the vertebral body, it is possible for the cement monomer, bone marrow or fat particles to enter the pulmonary circulation under pressure, leading to respiratory and circulatory failure. Pulmonary embolism is a fatal condition once the clinical symptoms are caused and prevention is therefore important. Doctors believe that the main preventive measures are: (1) control the surgical segment. Studies have shown that the chance of cardiopulmonary complications is positively correlated with the number of vertebrae and the amount of PMMA injected in a single operation. It is advisable to choose the target vertebrae carefully and not to operate on more than 3 segments at a time. (2) Avoid injecting bone cement during the thinning phase, and it is advisable to push the injection process slowly to reduce the injection pressure. 0.5-1 ml can be injected first during PVP surgery to reduce leakage, and wait for a short time (about 15-20s) before continuing the injection. Other complications include no pain relief, radicular pain, spinal cord compression, infection, adjacent vertebral fracture, and venous embolism with an incidence of about 10%, and some rare complications such as infection and rib fracture can be completely avoided by paying attention to standardized operation.