The complex structure of the ear shape makes ear reconstruction a troublesome procedure in plastic surgery. It usually takes 2-3 times to create a beautiful, warm and sensory ear, and the whole procedure takes 4-12 months. There are 3 main methods of ear reconstruction in common use today: 1. Secondary completion of ear reconstruction Dr. Nagata (Japan) improved from Dr. Brent’s (USA) technique. This method is the most used and most common worldwide. In the first procedure, one’s own rib cartilage is taken and sculpted into an ear-shaped scaffold, which is then buried under the skin behind the ear. 3-4 months later, a second ear lift procedure is performed, in which the ear is lifted up and the fascia between the scalp and skull is used to cover the back of the ear scaffold, and then an 8 cm long, 4 cm wide piece of skin is grafted onto the fascia, which can be taken from the chest or lower abdomen. This method takes 10 days for each operation, with an interval of 3-4 months between operations. This method has a short treatment period and the child does not need to take time off from school. It is suitable for patients with abundant skin in the deformed ear, thin skin behind the deformed ear and large area, but it will leave scarring of varying degrees at the skin extraction site and in the skin graft area behind the ear. 2.Expanded skin half-wrap method The expanded skin covers half of the ear-shaped scaffold, that is, the sculpted cartilaginous ear-shaped scaffold is covered with expanded skin in front and the back is to be covered with fascia and implanted with skin. The surgery is usually performed 3 times. The first surgery involves the burial of a 50-water bladder (i.e., a skin soft tissue expander) in the mastoid area behind the residual ear, and the hospital stay is about 5 days. The injection of saline starts 7 days after the surgery, and it takes about 1 month to inject 50-80 ml of saline every other day, and 1 month to recuperate after the completion of the injection before coming back to the hospital for the second surgery. After the second surgery, the expander is removed and the ear scaffold is sculpted from autologous rib cartilage according to the size of the healthy side of the ear, and the hospital stay is about 7 days. This method has a relatively short skin expansion cycle and is more advantageous for patients with small skin behind the residual ear and tight, thick skin behind the ear, but like the first method it still requires skin removal, skin implantation and lifting of fascia, with relatively large surgical trauma and scarring. 3.Expanded skin all-over method The sculpted cartilaginous ear-shaped scaffold is all covered with expanded skin, without lifting the fascia to cover the back and without skin implants. The surgery usually takes 3 times. The first surgery is to bury an 80ml water bladder (i.e. skin soft tissue expander) in the mastoid area behind the residual ear, and the hospital stay is about 4 days. The injection of saline starts 7 days after the surgery, and the water is injected every other day to 120-160 ml, and the whole expansion takes 4-6 months. The second surgery removes the expander and cuts autologous rib cartilage to sculpt the ear scaffold according to the size of the healthy side of the ear for ear reconstruction, completely wrapping the cartilage with the expanded skin to simulate the ear Guo scaffold, the hospital stay is about 7 days; some patients can have further trimming of the reconstructed ear 3-6 months after the second surgery, the hospital stay is about 7 days. This method has minimal surgical damage and minimal scarring because no skin implants or skin removal is needed, but the downside is that the skin expansion period is longer and it is generally better to do it after 8 weeks of age. The prerequisite for a good result is the sculpting of a realistic simulated rib cartilage scaffold and a thin skin coverage. At present, the main factors that affect the results of reconstructive ear surgery are excessive skin or fascial tissue covering the scaffold or excessive scarring or even hyperplasia. The principle of choosing the method of ear reconstruction: first consider the effect, and then consider the method with less scar, less time and less trouble on the basis of good results.