There are upper urinary tract obstruction and lower urinary tract obstruction, and different treatment measures can be taken according to different etiologies. The causes of urinary tract obstruction include stones, congenital pelvic ureteral junction stenosis, prostatic hyperplasia, urethral stricture, posterior urethral valves, etc. The treatment method is to remove the cause, and the purpose of treating urinary tract obstruction can be achieved by curing the original disease. In addition, for some serious urinary tract obstruction causing hydronephrosis, in order to preserve kidney function, nephrostomy drainage can also be used to first relieve the serious hydronephrosis caused by obstruction, so that kidney function can be restored, thus minimizing kidney damage and achieving the purpose of kidney protection. The purpose of relieving urinary tract obstruction is to protect kidney function and improve the quality of life of patients.