China has now entered an aging society, and as the population lives longer, more and more patients develop osteoarthritis. The main pathological changes are: damage and exfoliation of articular cartilage, secondary synovitis, and bone redundancy formation, causing joint pain, swelling, and dysfunction, which in severe cases leads to disability of the limb and affects the quality of life. Total knee arthroplasty (TKA) is the most mature procedure in human organ transplantation and is currently the ultimate and only means of treating severe lesions in advanced joints. The human knee involves three compartments (the medial and lateral tibiofemoral compartments and the patellofemoral compartment), and conventional artificial joint replacement surgery routinely requires simultaneous replacement of all three compartments, which is highly traumatic and relatively slow to recover. In fact, a significant proportion of patients (about 30%) have only a single intercompartmental lesion, which raises the question of whether it is possible to perform partial replacement of the diseased intercompartment while preserving the normal tissue structure in this group of patients. The emergence of unicondylar arthroplasty (UKA) has solved this problem. This is a new minimally invasive surgical approach to joint surgery, in which the diseased articular cartilage and meniscus are replaced with an artificial unicondylar knee joint while preserving the normal articular ligaments and other tissues in a limited replacement procedure. Currently, unicondylar arthroplasty is gaining more and more attention due to improvements in prosthesis design and surgical techniques, and a large number of foreign follow-up results show that the 10-year survival rate of the prosthesis is over 95%. Its advancement lies in less trauma, less bleeding, lower complication rate, faster postoperative recovery, and more importantly, because the surgery preserves the cruciate ligament, which preserves a large number of sensory vesicles in the ligament and preserves the proprioception of the joint, therefore, the patient has better subjective sensation after surgery. The joint surgery department of Jiaxing Second Hospital has carried out a large number of artificial joint replacement surgeries since 2000 and has rich clinical treatment experience. Since 2012, we have been performing UKA replacement surgery using the third generation movable platform type Oxford unicondylar joint prosthesis designed by Oxford University in the United Kingdom, and we are one of the first medical institutions in Zhejiang Province to carry out this technology. The surgeons received specialized training from Dr. Christopher Dodd and Dr. David Murray of Oxford University, UK, who are members of the prosthesis design team. The results of the post-operative follow-up patients have been very satisfactory, with all clinical indicators being better than those of TKA surgery. In the future, this technique is expected to become a routine classical technique for osteoarthritis of the knee.