Unlike hepatitis B, hepatitis C has an insidious onset, a subclinical pattern, no prominent symptoms, a high chronicity rate, and a relatively slow progression of disease. This is related to the general lack of knowledge about hepatitis C among the general public. Although the clinical manifestations of hepatitis C are mild, after a long period of accumulation of liver damage, eventually 20-30% of HCV-infected patients will develop cirrhosis within 10 to 30 years, which can accelerate the progression of liver disease and increase the risk of cirrhosis, especially in cases of advanced age, obesity, immune deficiency and alcohol abuse (daily intake of >50g exactly). In patients with cirrhosis of hepatitis C, the annual incidence of liver failure is 2% to 5% and the annual incidence of hepatocellular carcinoma is 1% to 4%. Cirrhosis of hepatitis C is an important cause of death from liver disease or the need for liver transplantation. HCV is mainly transmitted through blood, and there is a high risk of HCV infection from importing blood or blood products containing HCV and receiving organ or other tissue transplants containing HCV. There is also a risk of HCV transmission from poorly sterilized tooth extraction, tattooing, acupuncture, puncture or surgery, and sharing razors. Unlike HBV transmission, sexual transmission of HCV is rare, and the incidence of HCV transmission between couples is only 1.5%-5%, and the incidence of mother-to-child transmission is less than 5%. There is no effective vaccine to prevent HCV infection. The main preventive measure is to avoid direct contact with HCV-infected blood, body fluids or broken skin or mucous membranes. Condoms can be used between couples to prevent the transmission of HCV. Laboratory tests to diagnose HCV infection mainly include serum specific HCV antibody (anti-HCV) tests and viral nucleic acid (HCV RNA) tests. It should be noted that some people mistakenly believe that a positive anti-HCV test means that antibodies are present in the body and further HCV RNA tests are not needed. The anti-HCV test is only indicated to screen for HCV infection; the HCV RNA test is the basis for diagnosing viremia and considering antiviral therapy. For people with unexplained elevated transaminases, people who have received hemodialysis treatment, people who have received previous blood transfusions, blood products or organ transplants, people who have had needle sticks or skin mucous membranes that have been broken and exposed to HCV-positive blood, people who have used intravenous drugs, people with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection, people who have had unprotected sex with an HCV-infected person, children born to HCV-infected mothers, people who have Screening for HCV should be performed on those who have received poorly sterilized dental extractions, tattoos, acupuncture, puncture or surgical treatment. Antiviral treatment for hepatitis C is much more effective than for hepatitis B. Antiviral treatment can cure most patients with hepatitis C. The earlier the treatment, the better the outcome. The standard antiviral regimen for chronic hepatitis C is a combination of pegylated interferon and ribavirin, or a combination of plain interferon and ribavirin for those who cannot afford it. The course of treatment is determined by the HCV genotype. It is believed that, with the popularization of knowledge about HCV, the diagnosis rate and antiviral treatment rate of chronic hepatitis C will continue to improve, and eventually reduce the health risk of HCV infection to our people.