How soon after surgery can I have sex? You should abstain from sex for 2-4 weeks after surgery, including masturbation and intercourse. Normal sexual activity can be resumed after 2-4 weeks. How to take care of the clean area after surgery? (1) The suture of the incision is absorbable and does not need to be removed after surgery. If the incision is accidentally opened, a piece of dry, clean gauze (available at any drugstore) can be placed gently over the incision (do not close the incision to prevent it from drying out) and the incision will heal slowly over a few weeks. Antibiotic ointment can also be applied to the incision area 2 times/day (only if there is a split incision). (2) The dressing covering the incision can be removed 1 week after the operation and thereafter no further wrapping of the dressing is necessary. No bathing or swimming for 2 weeks after surgery. (3) Sports shorts with scrotal support are recommended for 2-3 weeks after surgery. It is also recommended that the scrotum be elevated at the right time for 1-2 weeks after surgery, and ice packs can be applied if possible (3-4 times a day for 20 minutes each time), and all of the above strategies can be extended as needed. What will likely occur after surgery? (1) Postoperative abdominal distension, dyspareunia, and discomfort at the urethra are normal reactions to catheterization and do not need to be treated. Symptoms will improve significantly after removal of the catheter. (2) Slight discomfort, pain, swelling and inflammation at the incision after surgery are normal. The scrotum and groin area may swell to the size of a tennis ball. This may resolve within a few weeks, but if it worsens, please contact your doctor. (3) Stiffness or localized hardness in the incision area is a common reaction, which resolves after a few months when the tissue has healed and softened. There may be a slight numbness in and around the incision area, which may resolve within a few months. What medications are needed after surgery? (1) For patients who are very sensitive to pain, an analgesic pump may be used for 24 hours after the operation, which should be communicated to the anesthesiologist before the operation. (2) For patients after microscopic spermatic vein ligation, we usually use some antibiotics, painkillers (as little as possible if not needed), etc. for a few days after the operation. Please do not take any medication other than those prescribed without informing your doctor. What should I be aware of at the post-operative follow-up visit? (1) Please contact your doctor if you have any of the following conditions: pain that continues to worsen and painkillers do not work; redness and swelling of the incision and scrotum that worsens within a few days; high fever, chills, nausea and vomiting, or pus draining from the incision. (2) For patients who have the desire to have children, the semen routine can be checked in the hospital in 3-4 months after the operation to observe the improvement of semen quality.