Definition of insomnia.
Difficulty falling asleep: unable to fall asleep 30 minutes after going to bed
Difficulty in maintaining sleep: waking up 2 or more times during the night, waking up more than 15% of the time, excessive dreaming
Early awakening: total sleep time < 6 hours, awakening 2 hours before waking time and inability to fall back to sleep
Prolonged non-restorative sleep (poor sleep quality)
At least 3 times a week, (for at least 1 month)
Also, daytime impairment of at least one of the following.
Fatigue and discomfort; difficulty concentrating or memory loss; decreased social functioning, occupational ability, or academic performance; mood disturbances or irritability; daytime sleepiness; lack of motivation or energy; tendency to make mistakes at work or while driving; insomnia causing tension, headaches, or gastrointestinal symptoms; concern or worry about sleep.
Dangers of insomnia
The prevalence of insomnia is about 30%, and chronic insomnia is more than 10%. Rapid economic development is causing more and more people to suffer from chronic sleep deprivation due to lack of sleep.
It is often a precursor or one of the first symptoms of mental disorders, and is a risk factor for many mental disorders: depressive disorders, anxiety disorders, substance abuse or dependence, suicide, somatoform disorders, etc.
Approximately 40% of patients with sleep disorders have a psychiatric disorder
Insomnia is a risk factor for many physical disorders: coronary heart disease, hypertension, chronic pain, gastrointestinal disorders, diabetes, etc.
Social harm and economic losses are enormous.
On January 28, 1986, at around 3AM, the technicians were sleep deprived and made a fatal error of judgment by getting up in a hurry after only 2-3 hours of sleep. “The space shuttle Challenger exploded within 70 seconds of liftoff.
At 1:24 a.m. on April 26, 1986, the accident at the Chernobyl nuclear power plant was the direct result of a series of errors in judgment and operation caused by the lack of sleep and extreme fatigue of night shift operators who had been on duty for nearly 13 hours.
On November 14, 2005, at about 6:00 a.m., the driver was sleep-deprived and fatigued, and a truck crashed into morning students in Qingyuan, Shanxi, killing 21 people and injuring 30 others.
Insomnia leads to more visits to the doctor, more emergency room visits, and longer hospital stays. 1995 study estimated annual direct medical cost losses, U.S.: $13.9 billion; France: $2.1 billion. 1994 U.S. study estimated total annual economic losses: $92.5-107.5 billion.
Classification of insomnia.
Adaptive insomnia (acute insomnia)
Psychophysiological insomnia (DSM IV-TR primary insomnia)
Heterophasic sleep (sleep state perceptual disorder) (DSM IV-TR primary insomnia)
Idiopathic insomnia (DSM IV-TR primary insomnia)
Insomnia due to psychiatric disorders (more than 40%)
Poor sleep hygiene habits (DSM IV-TR primary insomnia)
Behavioral insomnia in children
Drug- or substance-induced insomnia
Insomnia due to somatic conditions
Non-organic insomnia to be classified
Physiological (organic) insomnia to be classified