Uremic patients are unable to eliminate water and toxins from their bodies due to autologous renal failure, which will lead to a serious imbalance of the internal environment in the organism, causing clinical manifestations in patients and even life-threatening, therefore, uremic patients need to perform renal replacement therapy. Currently, there are three types of renal replacement therapy: hemodialysis, peritoneal dialysis and kidney transplantation. Each of these three modalities has its own advantages and disadvantages, and each person decides which alternative treatment modality to use according to the doctor’s recommendation and his or her own situation. Hemodialysis: done in the hemodialysis room in the hospital, the blood in the uremic body is led through the pipeline into the dialysis machine, which is cleaned and then returned to the human body to remove toxins from the body, for 4 to 5 hours each time, 2-3 times a week. Peritoneal dialysis: A peritoneal dialysis tube is placed in the abdomen of human inpatients in the hospital, after which 2L of peritoneal dialysis fluid is put in through the peritoneal dialysis tube at home every day and released after 4-6 hours to achieve the effect of removing toxins and water Kidney transplantation: someone else’s kidney is surgically implanted in the patient’s body, and with the assistance of anti-rejection drugs, the kidney is fully functional in the body to achieve the effect of kidney replacement therapy effect. Patients can combine their doctor’s opinion with their own characteristics and can choose the most suitable alternative treatment option. People on peritoneal dialysis who have recurrent peritonitis or poor results can switch to hemodialysis. Patients on hemodialysis who are severely hypotensive or unable to puncture can also switch to peritoneal dialysis. If there are no contraindications to kidney transplantation (see “Who can do kidney transplantation”), kidney transplantation can be performed.