The first-line treatments for urinary stones (kidney stones, ureteral stones, bladder stones, etc.) are: percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PCNL), extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy (ESWL), ureteroscopic lithotripsy, etc. The application of these techniques has led to fundamental changes in the treatment of urolithiasis and has greatly reduced the chance of surgical incision for stone extraction. There is still a high rate of residual stones after treatment with the above methods, and these residual small stones increase the recurrence rate. Therefore, chemical lithotripsy can be considered as a complementary treatment to modern treatments to dissolve some types of small stones and prevent their recurrence. However, lithotripsy cannot be used as a first-line treatment for urinary stones because of its limited applicability, cumbersome treatment process, long duration of treatment, and poor reliability of results, and can only be used as a complementary treatment. Effective lithotripsy requires prior knowledge of the chemical composition of the stones. Pharmacochemical lithotripsy is mainly indicated for uric acid and cystine stones and is less effective for calcium-containing stones and infected stones. Uric acid stones: Uric acid stones can now be dissolved by oral and intravenous medications and local irrigation with litholytic drugs, the common mechanism of action of these methods being alkalinization of the urine. For asymptomatic uric acid stones less than 1 cm in diameter, oral litholytic drugs are an option. The drugs commonly used to alkalize urine with oral medications are potassium citrate and sodium bicarbonate. Regardless of which medication is used, urine PH should be tested frequently, depending on the urine