1, lithotripsy With the development of the relevant disciplines, medical devices continue to innovate, now with urinary tract stones generally do not need to open, which is the credit of extracorporeal shock wave lithotripter. Extracorporeal lithotripsy does not require an incision, is less traumatic and less painful, and can break the stones in the body outside the body, and the broken stones are as big as green beans and as small as fine sand, which can be discharged out of the body with urine. Therefore, extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy is called “the revolution in the treatment of urinary tract stones”. Extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy machine can treat kidney stones, ureteral stones, bladder stones, etc. It is the preferred treatment method. Of course, individual patients with larger stones or stones with comorbidities also need luminal endoscopic surgery, which requires specific treatment for specific problems. 2.Lithotripsy The stones suitable for lithotripsy are uric acid stones, cystine stones and infected stones. We have carried out lithotripsy treatment for cystine stones, which are visualized on radiographs due to their high sulfur content. This corrected the misconception that cystine stones were negative stones in the past. We use triethanolamine to dissolve uric acid stones and carry out intravenous sodium lactate to dissolve uric acid stones, etc. Cystine stones are very prone to recurrence after surgery, and extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy often fails to crush them, and the rate of residual stones is high after percutaneous nephrolithotomy, and the cure rate can be greatly improved by dissolving cystine stones with chemicals. For larger antler-shaped cystine stones, chemical lithotripsy after extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy or percutaneous nephrolithotripsy is a better treatment option for cystine stones. 3.Lithotripsy Using the theory of Chinese and Western medicine, lithotripsy is performed for small stones and after lithotripsy, oral and with physiological treatment greatly improves the rate of lithotripsy. 4.Lithotripsy At present, most of the patients who come to our hospital with urinary stones do not need open surgery to remove stones. The first choice is extracorporeal lithotripsy. For larger, multiple, complex kidney stones, or ureteral stones with adhesions and obstructions, as well as large bladder stones, minimally invasive treatment can be performed through intracavitary intervention. We carry out intracavitary lithotripsy, such as transurethral giant bladder stone lithotripsy, transurethral ureteroscopic lithotripsy and percutaneous nephrolithotripsy, etc., using the most advanced combined pneumatic ballistic/ultrasound lithotriptor to suck out the stone particles and remove the stones at the same time, which greatly shortens the treatment time, saves the cost and reduces the patient’s pain. 5.Stone prevention Urinary tract stones are easy to recur, which is a headache for doctors and patients. So how to prevent recurrence? First of all, to develop the habit of drinking more water, how much to drink, a simple method of judgment is recommended, the color of your urine discharge is not yellow, the amount of water is enough. Generally, you should drink two thermos bottles of water every day, clinically called “hydration”, which is essential to prevent stone formation. Second, is to pay attention to dietary regulation, such as high calcium urine patients, should eat less high calcium food such as milk; high oxalic acid urine patients should eat less food rich in high oxalic acid, such as spring spinach, black tea, etc.; uric acid stone patients should eat less purine-rich food, such as liver, kidney and other animal offal. Finally, you should insist on taking medication for prevention, especially for recurrent stone patients, you should go to the hospital to find out the cause of the stone, so as to carry out selective drug treatment. Most of them can prevent stone recurrence as long as the medication is taken consistently. After more than 20 years of research, we believe that the use of “potassium citrate” to prevent calcium oxalate stones, uric acid stones and cystine stones is effective.