Spring is the season of high prevalence of viral skin diseases. Viral skin diseases are skin and mucous membrane lesions caused by viral infections. Among them, measles, rubella, early childhood emergency rash, chickenpox, hand-foot-mouth disease and other diseases are frequent skin diseases in spring, especially in infants and adolescents. These common viral skin diseases are generally respiratory droplet transmission, the causes, clinical manifestations and prevention of each disease are introduced as follows: measles caused by measles virus infection, mainly through the respiratory tract and conjunctiva infections, systemic symptoms are more serious than other kinds of children under 5 years of age, the highest number of morbidity, the body produces antibodies after the disease, less re-occurrence. The incubation period is 9~11 days, and the prodromal period is usually 4 days. The symptoms include high fever, conjunctival congestion, photophobia, increased secretion, nasal discharge, mucopurulent cough, and sometimes vomiting and diarrhea. Two to three days after the onset of the disease, early characteristic Koplik spots appear on the buccal mucosa opposite the second molars and begin to fade on the second day after the onset of the rash. The rash starts to develop on the 4th day after the onset of the disease and first appears behind the ears, hairline and face, and then spreads rapidly to the neck, upper limbs, trunk and lower limbs, with a rose-red color that fades when pressed and can fuse with each other. After 5-7 days of rash, the body temperature decreases, the systemic symptoms of toxicity are reduced, the rash fades in the order of rash appearance, and after fading, there is a brown pigmented spot with fine bran-like flaking. Complications include: bronchopneumonia, otitis media, encephalitis, cardiovascular insufficiency and spread of tuberculosis lesions. The duration of the disease is 10 to 14 days. Prevention: Subcutaneous inactivated measles vaccine can be given to susceptible children, and normal human immunoglobulin can be given intramuscularly to contacts. Isolation of patients until the measles rash subsides. Treatment: Bed rest and an easy-to-digest, nutritious diet. Keep eyes, nose, mouth and skin clean, wash eyes, nose and mouth with 3% boric acid or saline. Give symptomatic treatment for symptoms such as cough, high fever and convulsions. Antibiotics can be applied for a short time to prevent secondary bacterial infections. Rubella is a respiratory tract infection caused by rubella virus, which occurs in children, but also in young people or adults. The symptoms are mild in children, but more severe in adults. The virus has been reported to cause miscarriage, stillbirth and fetal malformation in early pregnant women. The incubation period ranges from 14 to 28 days, with an average of 18 days. The prodromal symptoms are mild or absent in children, while adults and young adults have fever, headache, lethargy, and sore throat. Swollen lymph nodes behind the ear and under the occipital bone may appear 1 to 2 days before the onset of the rash, and some may develop an oral mucosal rash, which is a rose-colored macular rash or bleeding spots. The rash starts from the head and face and gradually develops to the neck, trunk, upper limbs and lower limbs as a sparse or dense pink rash or maculopapular rash, which may have a slight itching sensation. The rash starts to fade after two days with slight flaking. The duration of the disease is 2 to 3 days. Laboratory tests include a decrease in total white blood cell count and neutrophil count, and a decrease in lymphocytes followed by an increase in lymphocytes. Prevention: isolate the patient, usually 5 days after the rash, pregnant women should be injected with placental globulin or gammaglobulin 2 to 3 times within 1 week after contact with rubella patients, 3 ml each time. treatment: symptomatic, bed rest, drink more water, eat easily digestible food, use topical glycomet lotion, oral antipyretic herbs, such as Banlangen punch, etc. If the skin lesions and systemic symptoms are severe, double yellow lian injection can be used, calculated at 60mg/(kg.d), added to glucose solution for intravenous injection. Infantile emergency rash, also known as infantile rose rash, may be caused by human herpes virus type 6 (HHV-6). It is characterized by the appearance of rose-colored maculopapular rash after 3 to 5 days of fever and a sudden decrease in fever. It occurs mostly in young children less than 2 years old and is more common in winter and spring. The incubation period is 10 to 15 days. Sudden onset of high fever without prodromal symptoms, with body temperature up to 39-40℃, but the child is generally in good condition. After 3 to 5 days of high fever, the fever suddenly subsides and a rash appears. The rash usually starts on the neck and trunk and then extends to the face and extremities. It does not usually occur on mucous membranes and is rare on the ends of the limbs and palms and plants. The rash may appear as scattered or dense rose-colored papules of 1 to 5 mm in length, and the rash may fade after 2 days without leaving any trace. Some patients may have swollen lymph nodes behind the occiput and in the neck. The duration of the disease is 1 to 2 days. Leukocytes may increase during fever, but decrease after rash and increase lymphocytes. The disease is self-limiting and has a good prognosis. Generally, only supportive symptomatic treatment, bed rest, hydration and nutrition, and antipyretics or physical cooling are given in case of high fever. Varicella is caused by varicella-zoster virus infection, which is transmitted by droplets or direct contact with the herpes fluid and is highly contagious. It is more common in children and can easily cause epidemics in winter and spring. The rash appears within 24 hours of onset, first on the trunk, gradually extending to the head, face and extremities, with a centripetal distribution, initially as a red pinhead-sized rash, then rapidly turning into a papule, and after a few hours into a green bean-sized blister, surrounded by a red halo, often with itching. After 2-3 days of drying and crusting, no scars are left after healing. The rash occurs in batches within 3-5 days of onset, so it can be seen at the same time, such as papules, blisters, crusts and other different periods of rash, the duration of the disease is about 2 weeks. In adults, chickenpox is more severe than in children, and the symptoms are more pronounced and the number of rashes is higher. The complications are mainly secondary infections of the skin and mucous membranes, which can lead to sepsis in severe cases, and rare complications such as chickenpox pneumonia, encephalitis, and thrombocytopenic purpura. Treatment: Because the disease is self-limiting, treatment is mainly to strengthen care, prevent secondary infection, and isolate the child until all rashes dry and crusted. During the febrile period, the child should rest in bed and be given an easily digestible diet and adequate water; if the fever is high, antipyretic agents such as Chai Hu should be given; if the skin is itchy, antihistamines such as paracetamol and cyproheptadine can be taken orally, and topical Furamyl lotion can be used; antiviral drugs such as virazole, antiviral flush and acyclovir can also be used. Hand, foot and mouth disease is an infectious disease caused by enterovirus that occurs in the palms of the hands, feet and plantars and the mouth, with small blisters as the main manifestation. It is mainly caused by coxsackie A10, A5 and echovirus, which can be isolated from blistering fluid, pharyngeal secretions or stool. It is mainly transmitted directly by respiratory tract through droplets, but also indirectly through contaminated food, clothes and utensils. It is common in infants and children under 5 years of age, especially in 1-2 years old, and occasionally in adults. The incubation period is 3~5 days, and summer and autumn are the main epidemic seasons. The rash may be preceded by prodromal symptoms such as low-grade fever and decreased appetite. The rash is a rice- to pea-sized papule on the dorsal or lateral edges of the mouth, hands and feet, fingers (toes), and soon becomes a blister, round or oval, surrounded by a red halo at the base, with a thin wall and a painful sensation, and the blisters on the oral mucosa quickly break down into vesicles or superficial ulcerated surfaces. The disease lasts about 1 week, is self-limiting, and does not leave a scar after healing. Symptomatic treatment can be applied to the rash on the hands and feet with topical stove glycolic lotion, oral damage can be applied topically to the tin type dispersion, etc., and if necessary, oral Banlangen punch. Because these several common viral skin diseases are somewhat contagious, children and adolescents with fever and rashes must be treated in a timely manner to prevent the spread of infection among children.