Lumbar disc herniation is a common and frequent disease in orthopedics, usually accounting for 10%-20% of the daily orthopedic outpatient visits. It is mainly caused by acute trauma, chronic strain, congenital defects, degenerative changes, etc., which rupture the intervertebral disc’s fibrous ring and cause the nucleus pulposus to protrude from the rupture into the posterior spinal canal, resulting in pressure on the nerve tissue in the spinal canal and the corresponding pathology and clinical symptoms. Lumbar disc herniation is usually seen in men, generally with a male to female ratio of 6:1. Occupational characteristics are seen in long-term sitting or heavy manual workers. The clinical symptoms vary depending on the location, degree, course and degree of lumbar spinal stenosis of the herniated disc. In the early stage of the lesion, pain in the lumbosacral region may be present alone, and later pain and numbness in one or both lower limbs and loss of muscle strength may appear, and some patients may have abnormal urination and defecation and numbness in the perineum. The onset of pain is mostly sudden and periodic, often radiating to the buttocks, thighs, outer calves and soles of the feet. Coughing, sneezing and bowel straining will aggravate the pain and leg numbness, and the pain is also aggravated when the lumbar region moves. Sometimes patients will use different forced positions to alleviate the symptoms, some bend forward with obvious pain, and bend backward with less pain; some bend forward without pain, and bend backward with obvious back pain and leg numbness. Bed rest with bent knees can often reduce the pain. Individuals with severe pain are forced to take a special bed position to reduce pain. There are many treatment options for lumbar disc herniation, including surgical, non-surgical and interventional treatments. Surgical treatment includes open vertebroplasty and minimally invasive nucleus pulposus removal surgery; non-surgical treatment includes bed traction, physical therapy, internal and external application of Chinese and Western medicines, acupuncture and massage, etc.; interventional treatment includes semiconductor laser, ozone, plasma vaporization or drug lysozyme liquefaction aspiration treatment under percutaneous puncture, etc. Doctors choose the appropriate treatment modality according to the patient’s age, time of onset, characteristics of symptoms and signs, previous treatment history, and the presence of co-morbidities or concomitant diseases. Generally speaking, choosing the right treatment is an important prerequisite for achieving remission, and good patient compliance is an important prerequisite. Different patients may use different treatment methods, and the same treatment methods implemented in different patients may produce different treatment results. The following is a brief introduction of several treatment methods: I. Surgery is mainly applied to the disc prolapse into the spinal canal and severely squeeze the nerve tissue, long duration of the disease, recurrent attacks, after a variety of non-surgical treatment is ineffective, combined with the presence of other diseases such as spinal stenosis, lumbar instability or slippage. Surgery for lumbar disc herniation is performed under anesthesia by incising the local skin, muscle and fascia, biting off the affected vertebral plate bone and ligamentum flavum, gently pulling away the dura mater and nerve roots, revealing the herniated disc and removing it, extending the nucleus pulposus into the intervertebral space to remove the residual degenerated nucleus pulposus tissue, biting off the hyperplastic bone if necessary to facilitate the enlargement of the spinal canal, and fully removing the dural sac and the compression around the nerve roots. The wound is then irrigated to completely stop bleeding and then sutured. Depending on the pathology, the amount of “bone” that may be removed during surgery may be small, small, or large. The amount of bone removed is related to the stability of the spine after surgery, so some patients need to consider internal fixation and interbody fusion. Patients with lumbar disc herniation require strict bed rest after surgery, with the duration of bed rest ranging from 2-6 weeks, depending on the patient’s age, physical condition and the extent of the removed tissue. Early postoperative turning should be assisted by nursing staff, advocating axial turning and avoiding trunk twisting and turning. During the recovery period, patients with lumbar disc herniation should gradually strengthen the exercise of lumbar back muscle strength and pay attention to the correction of bad posture and self-protection of lumbar back activities in order to prevent disease recurrence. Second, non-surgical treatment is mainly applicable to those who have the first onset, have mild symptoms, have no serious intravertebral occupancy in imaging and have good vertebral canal morphology. a. Bed rest: For those with severe symptoms, bed rest (medium-firm mattress, no hard bed) should be strictly insisted upon, with bed rest for at least 2 weeks until symptoms are clearly relieved. b. Traction: Traction must be performed in the hospital, generally using axial traction in the prone position, with the weight and duration of traction determined by the doctor. c. Drugs: anti-inflammatory and analgesic drugs can usually relieve the pain symptoms; in severe cases, hormones, dehydration and neurotropic drugs can be added to relieve the inflammatory reaction of nerve roots and indirectly play a role in pain relief. d. External treatment of Chinese medicine: apply the formula of blood circulation, tendon relaxation and qi management, use local ironing, steam fumigation, ultrasonic introduction and other methods to promote local metabolic circulation, accelerate tissue repair, and achieve the treatment purpose of reducing pain and improving symptoms. e. Physiotherapy: applying far infrared rays and electromagnetic waves to promote local metabolic changes and facilitate circulation and repair. f. Acupuncture treatment: Using meridian point stimulation to improve metabolism and promote repair. Such treatment methods are difficult to satisfy patients with serious conditions and long duration of illness! The advantages of minimally invasive and interventional treatment are: less trauma, less interference with physiological functions, faster recovery, significantly less surgical complications compared to major surgery, and significantly higher treatment effect compared to non-surgical treatment. They are mainly suitable for young adults, those with simple disc herniation, and those who have not been treated locally with injurious interventions. Foreign guidelines state that this type of surgery can be performed in people under 50 years of age, without significant spinal stenosis or osteophytes, without cauda equina injury syndrome, without CT or MRI confirmation of disc calcification, adhesions or nucleus pulposus prolapse, and without complications such as deformation and slippage instability. Current treatment methods include percutaneous aspiration, nucleolysis, ozone, plasma and semiconductor laser vaporization, and discoscopic nucleus pulposus removal surgery. These methods are the main development trend of future treatment, and they have developed rapidly in recent years in terms of clinical and scientific research, and are recognized and accepted by more and more specialists and patients. Since the beginning of this century, our hospital has started to carry out semiconductor laser vaporization treatment for disc herniation, and has accumulated clinical experience of nearly 2,000 cases, which has been well received by patients.