Most of the time, glucose patients always worry about their high blood glucose, not knowing that hypoglycemia is also a constraint to maintaining normal blood glucose levels in the long term in diabetic patients. Minimizing the risk of hypoglycemia is an important issue to be addressed in diabetes management and deserves attention. A single severe hypoglycemia or resulting cardiovascular event may offset the benefits of a lifetime of maintaining blood glucose in the normal range. Diagnostic criteria for hypoglycemia For non-diabetic patients, the diagnostic criteria for hypoglycemia is a blood glucose <2.8 mmol/L, while patients with diabetes on medication are considered hypoglycemic as long as their blood glucose level is ≤3.9 mmol/L. Diabetic patients often have autonomic dysfunction, which affects the body's ability to regulate the feedback of hypoglycemia and increases the risk of severe hypoglycemia. At the same time, hypoglycemia may also trigger or aggravate the autonomic dysfunction of patients, forming a vicious circle. Symptoms of hypoglycemia Sympathetic excitation (such as palpitations, anxiety, sweating and hunger) and central nervous symptoms (such as mental changes, cognitive impairment, convulsions and coma). However, elderly patients with hypoglycemia may often present with abnormal behavior or other atypical symptoms. Nocturnal hypoglycemia is often not treated in time because it is difficult to detect. After repeated hypoglycemia in some patients, it may manifest as hypoglycemic coma without aura symptoms. Symptomatic hypoglycemia Blood sugar ≤3.9mmol/L with hypoglycemic symptoms. Asymptomatic hypoglycemia Blood sugar ≤3.9mmol/L but without hypoglycemic symptoms. In addition, some patients with hypoglycemic symptoms but no blood sugar detection (called suspicious symptomatic hypoglycemia) should also be dealt with promptly. Classification of hypoglycemia Mild: Autonomic symptoms appear - patients can manage themselves. Moderate: Autonomic symptoms and neurological hypoglycemia symptoms appear - patients can manage themselves Severe: Blood glucose concentration <2.8 mmol/L, loss of consciousness may occur - others need to assist in treatment. Possible triggers of hypoglycemia and preventive measures 1. insulin or insulin pro-secretory agents: should start with a small dose, gradually increase the dose and carefully adjust the dose. 2.Not eating on time or eating too little: Patients should eat regularly and quantitatively, and reduce the dose of hypoglycemic drugs accordingly if the amount of meals is reduced, and should be prepared in advance when there is a possibility of missing meals. 3, increased exercise: additional carbohydrate intake should be added before exercise. 4.Alcohol intake, especially drinking alcohol on an empty stomach: alcohol can directly cause hypoglycemia, alcohol abuse and drinking alcohol on an empty stomach should be avoided. 5. Severe hypoglycemia or recurrent hypoglycemia: The treatment plan of diabetes should be adjusted and the goal of blood glucose control should be appropriately adjusted. When hypoglycemia occurs in patients using insulin, the cause should be actively sought and the insulin treatment plan and dosage should be carefully adjusted. Patients with diabetes should routinely keep carbohydrate-based foods with them and consume them as soon as hypoglycemia occurs. Treatment of hypoglycemia Immediately consume one of the following foods that can raise blood sugar quickly, drink a glass of sugar water, drink a glass of glucose water containing 15-20g of table sugar, drink 150-200ml of fruit juice or cola containing 15-20g of glucose eat 1-2 tablespoons of honey. Eat 6 sugar cubes or 2 cookies (about 30g in weight), and after 15-20 minutes, repeat the blood sugar test once, if the blood sugar still does not rise, or if the symptoms are not significantly relieved, take the aforementioned sugar food once more. Emergency treatment of hypoglycemia In case of serious hypoglycemia such as coma and confusion, do not force-feed, and family members should immediately send the patient to the hospital for emergency treatment.