While cancer patients are suffering from the disease, they are also suffering from the pain caused by the treatment response during the treatment process. How to alleviate the pain of patients during treatment and how to reduce the physical and mental suffering of patients during treatment is very important. Proper patient care and care considerations are particularly important. Self-care for fatigue The increase in metabolic waste from various radiotherapy and chemotherapy treatments, as well as the decrease in physical activity and sleep disturbance caused by the disease or treatment, can increase fatigue. Here we should pay attention to proper fatigue care: 1. Eat more high-calorie, high-protein, fresh fruits and vegetables, and at least 3000cc of water daily if there is no contraindication. 2, 3-5 times a week, 30-45 minutes of brisk walking, cycling, jogging, dancing and other aerobic exercise is one of the most common and effective ways to deal with fatigue. 3.Plan the necessary daily activities, set the priority of activities or postpone non-essential activities; conserve personal energy in quantity to save physical energy consumption, such as sitting down, avoiding bending over, using easy-to-use household appliances, putting supplies in easy-to-reach places, sitting on chairs in the shower room, and using large bath towels when drying the body. 4.In accordance with the activity meter, appropriately increase the amount of physical activity during the day, without affecting sleep at night, take a nap during the day. 5.Use music, watching movies or reading, as well as deep breathing exercises, massage to guide the imagination to achieve relaxation, to divert the attention of tiredness. 6.Journaling and writing stories about your mood can help you think about your problems and understand your confusion on the one hand. Dietary principles of taste alteration Patients are often accompanied by loss of taste, disappearance or taste disorder during the treatment period, when taste disorder occurs, it will seriously affect appetite and digestion, and even affect the enjoyment of life. Here we should pay attention to: 1, rinse the mouth before eating, can increase oral wetness and reduce odor. Clean, moist mouth, can increase the fresh taste of food. 2, dry mouth will make the food in the mouth taste changes, you can use gravy, soup, or seasoning packets to add moisture to the food. Eat more vegetables and cooked soup, and drink more water during meals and between meals. 3.If the oral mucosa is intact, drink some acidic juice, chew gum or suck hard candy or popsicles to help saliva secretion. 4.Cancer patients have increased sensitivity to bitter taste, so they should avoid bitter food such as bitter melon, green cabbage and shepherd’s purse, and take medicine in capsules or glutinous rice paper to reduce vomiting caused by bitter taste. 5.The patient’s sensitivity to sweet and sour is weakened, so sugar or lemon can be used more often to enhance the sweet and sour taste, and various seasoning sauces, lemon, salad or wine can be added to increase the flavor of food to try different foods. 6, if the patient receives a certain type of chemical drugs containing platinum, eating often feel food containing metal, at this time should use non-metal pots and pans or tableware, if the mouth has a metallic taste, you can add a little lemon juice or eat slightly acidic fructose. 7, refrigerated or frozen food, sometimes can improve the patient’s sense of taste. 8, can use some less fishy taste of protein food sources, such as chicken, tofu, eggs, etc. Create a meal atmosphere to promote appetite. For example, the fragrance of the food, the fragrance of the environment to stimulate the sense of smell, play the patient’s favorite relaxing music to increase the auditory enjoyment, delicate tableware, elegant eating environment and food changes to stimulate the visual, in order to achieve the patient in a comfortable atmosphere to eat. Self-care during leukopenia Due to the disease itself and the treatment, the white blood cells are reduced and the resistance is weakened. Under the principle of prevention is better than cure, we hope that patients and their families can cooperate with the following precautions: 1. Limit visitors: 1-2 people at a time, with colds. Infectious disease is prohibited to visit. 2.Wear a mask: including patients, family members and visitors. When the mask is wet, it should be replaced immediately. 3.Environment: keep your home ventilated, dry and clean, do not pile up items to prevent mosquito breeding; no flower bouquets or potted plants indoors. 4, diet: more high-calorie, high-protein, light, mild food, cooked food and fresh fruit that needs to be peeled. 5, personal hygiene with (1) wash hands with soap before meals, after the stool, rubbing for at least 15-20 seconds. (2) Drink at least 3000ml of water daily (unless contraindicated) and do not hold urine. After urinating and defecating, women should wipe from the front to the back to prevent infection. (3)Bathe with warm water and change clothes daily, keep the perineum and anus clean and dry avoid enemas, wash around the anus after defecation and take a warm sitz bath. (4) Finger and toe nails should be cut short and trimmed and kept clean. (5) Soap should be placed in a suspended manner to prevent water retention. (6) Take body temperature regularly every day. 6. Keep skin and mucous membrane intact (1) Prevention of xerostomia and mucositis: Brush your teeth after each meal and before going to bed, and rinse your mouth often with mouthwash or warm salt water, without flossing, and rinse your mouth every 1-2 hours if you have redness, swelling, or ulcers. (2) Men please use electric razor to shave. (3) The use of sharp objects should be careful to avoid stabbing and cutting and to prevent collision. 7.Avoid taking bus transportation system and going to public places during peak hours, and wear a mask when going out. 8.If infection symptoms occur, go to hospital immediately for treatment. Self-care of chemotherapy patients with peripheral neuropathy Chemotherapy is a treatment method for cancer patients, and peripheral neuropathy is one of the common side effects of chemotherapy. When numbness occurs in the fingers, avoid holding sharp, hot or other dangerous objects. 2.If balance or muscle strength is affected, walk and walk up and down stairs with special care, using handrails or aids as needed. 3.Place non-slip mats on the bathroom floor to prevent falls. 4.Stretch the end limbs frequently and avoid wearing slippery shoes or high heels. 5.Consistent with the situation, medication can be used to prevent peripheral neuropathy. 6.Treatment for peripheral neuropathy includes: non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, morphine-based painkillers, etc. 7. The severity of the disease should be carefully assessed by the health care provider. Dietary guidance for chemotherapy patients The principles of dietary regimen for chemotherapy treatment are high calorie, high protein and high vitamin. Fresh vegetables and fruits can provide more vitamins and should be consumed more often. Since the disease itself and chemotherapy treatment will cause a great depletion of body tissues, eating right can preserve energy, repair tissues and increase resistance. Therefore, the correct diet is especially important: 1. Protein is an important ingredient for repairing body tissues, and sufficient amount of protein-rich foods should be consumed, such as milk, dried fish, beans, etc. 2. 2, avoid greasy, too strong taste or spicy stimulating diet. 3, according to the ability to eat, choose the texture of the diet, such as: liquid diet, easier to eat than the general meal, if necessary, you can give nutritional supplements. There are many kinds of nutritional products in the market, so it is recommended to consult a nutritionist before taking them. 4. Smaller and more frequent meals should be taken, and food should be diversified as much as possible so that more different nutrients can be taken in. You can use high protein, high calorie snacks, such as: milkshakes, pudding, etc., to increase the intake. 5, do not eat while drinking boiled water, lest water occupy the stomach and intestines, more can not eat. Techniques to increase calorie intake, such as adding the right amount of cream or cheese when cooking food, techniques to increase protein intake, such as drinking milk or nutritional supplements, bread and cookies can add peanut butter or cheese sandwiched into the food, etc. 6, forbidden to eat raw food such as: soy sauce, raw fish, lettuce salad, half-cooked beef, lamb. 7, more intake of fruits and vegetables, whole grains, intake of dietary fiber, to help intestinal peristalsis, it is recommended to consume more than five servings of fruits and vegetables daily. 8. Choose more iron-rich foods to supplement the anemia caused by the decrease of blood pigment due to chemotherapy, such as red meat and animal offal. If you have bloating, avoid gas-producing foods, such as peanuts, sweet potatoes, fried foods. During the treatment period, you should follow the instructions of your physician or dietitian for proper nutrition, and make dietary adjustments at any time. Self-care for chemotherapy patients Chemotherapy may have many side effects, but they may not always be present in each person, and not every chemotherapy treatment will produce different symptoms depending on the drug. When receiving the first chemotherapy treatment, the health care provider will explain the course of treatment, side effects and how to deal with them. Some chemicals are irritating and can cause skin damage if they leak out of the blood vessels. (2) When injecting chemicals, A. Minimize bedtime activities. B. Avoid sleeping on the injection site. C. Do not over-extend or extend the arm at the injection site. (3) If there is a pinprick sensation, burning sensation, pain and redness at the injection site, please inform the nursing staff immediately. (4) If the needle falls off or oozes during the injection process, please inform the nursing staff immediately. (3) If any uncomfortable reaction or acute side effect occurs, such as nausea, vomiting or difficulty in breathing, please inform the nursing staff for treatment. Daily life should be noted: 1. Avoid infection (1) Please wear a mask when going out. (2) Avoid going to and from public places. (3) Keep your home environment ventilated and dry, avoid keeping pets and indoor potted plants. 2. Pay attention to personal hygiene (1) Clean your mouth and rinse your mouth after eating; if you have mouth ulcers, please increase the frequency of oral cleaning. (2) Wash your hands with soap frequently and bathe daily. (3) Keep the perineum and anus clean and dry, and take warm water baths if necessary. 3. Avoid injury and bleeding (1) Use sharp objects with care to avoid stabbing, cutting and collision prevention. (2) Keep nails short and trim them with a file to avoid injury. (3) Use a soft-bristled toothbrush or cotton sticks to brush your teeth. (4) Check the whole body frequently for bleeding spots or petechiae. 4.Rest and activity (1)Regular life, sufficient sleep (2)Proper rest exercise, posture change should be slow to put dizziness and fall. 5.Diet (1)Just after receiving chemotherapy, you may have poor appetite, nausea and vomiting feeling, the quantity should be small and many meals. (2) Eat more high-calorie, high-protein, light and mild food. (3) Avoid raw food as well as too hot, too cold, stimulating or highly seasoned food. 6.Emotional treatment (1) Relieve emotions by moderate confession. (2) Deep breathing and moderate exercise to divert attention. (3) Religious beliefs, so that the soul has something to rely on, to achieve emotional stability. 7, hair loss is temporary, you can wear a hat, headband or wig decoration, you can use mild shampoo to avoid stimulating the scalp. 8.Do not take any medication without doctor’s permission. 9.After discharge, please follow the doctor’s instructions to return to the hospital for regular check-ups. 10.After returning home, if the following conditions occur, please contact the medical staff or go to the outpatient clinic or emergency room for medical attention. (1) Severe nausea, vomiting, diarrhea. (2) Hematuria, bloody stools, black stools, bleeding spots or any bleeding situation. (3) Fever. Self-care of nausea and vomiting When nausea and vomiting are caused by treatment, attention should be paid to: 1. Assist the patient to take the right side position to prevent choking. 2. Write down the time of nausea and vomiting and the possible triggering factors. 3.Record the amount and characteristics of vomiting (color: e.g. clear, yellow-green, odor: e.g. sour, bitter, presence of undigested: celiac lumps) and inform the health care provider. 4. Accompany the patient and give support. 5.Assist in oral cleaning care. Possible ways to relieve nausea and vomiting: 1. Rest: suspend eating: if due to bleeding or obstructive symptoms in the gastrointestinal tract (e.g., vomiting as soon as you eat), you may need to rest for meals and wait for the condition to slow down before eating. 2.Strengthen oral cleaning care. 3.Use therapeutic or preventive medication as prescribed by the doctor. 4.Encourage the expression of worries and fears. 5.Eat small and frequent meals; avoid too sweet and greasy food. 6.If you lie down immediately after eating, it is easy to trigger gastroesophageal reflux and cause nausea and vomiting, so you should rest in a sitting position. 7, electrolyte imbalance is easy to nausea and vomiting, should pay attention to appropriate food and water intake. 8, play the patient’s favorite music, can relax the spirit. 9.Can try to use relaxation line aromatherapy. 10.Arrange things the patient likes to do or chat with the patient to distract their attention, which can help forget the pain of nausea and vomiting. 11.Acupressing the Nei Guan and Hegu acupuncture points can slow down the feeling of nausea. Chemotherapy oral mucosa self-care Chemotherapy can easily lead to oral mucositis, often occurring 7-14 days after treatment, the incidence of about 40%, poor meat oral hygiene, it will affect the ability and time of mucosal healing, and the patient will produce oral pain, reduce appetite, resulting in nutritional deficiencies, and in serious cases may even cause fatal infection, so good oral care division is important. 1.Self-care of oral mucosa on weekdays (1)Do oral self-examination daily with flashlight and tongue depressor, facing the mirror. (2) Try to choose soft-bristled toothbrush to avoid forceful brushing causing oral breakage. (3) Perform oral cleaning correctly and consistently every morning and evening and after eating. (4) Oral ice during chemotherapy drip can reduce the concentration of chemical drugs in the mouth and reduce the damage to the oral cavity. (2) Self-care when the oral mucosa is abnormal or damaged (1) If the oral mucosa is normal or damaged, rinse the mouth with mouthwash or saline once every two hours. (2) Clean the mouth immediately after eating, you can use cold boiled water with salt (1000cc boiled water with 9 grams of salt), or use mouthwash according to medical advice, avoid using mouthwash containing alcohol. (3) Eat cold food or hold ice cubes before eating to reduce the pain, and use painkillers or local anesthetics as prescribed by the doctor. (4) Take in more water, if there is no limit to the daily intake of 3000cc, and use artificial saliva if the mouth is dry and saliva is too little. (5) Dietary choices: eat a balanced diet, especially take enough protein Vitamin C; avoid irritating foods, such as: wine, spicy, fried, too acidic and spiced food; avoid rough, too work too hot food. When bleeding mouth bite hemostatic gauze on the affected area or use diluted hydrogen peroxide gargle, to stop bleeding after gargling with physiological saline. Therefore, careful care by the patient’s family and relatives during the patient’s treatment can not only reduce the patient’s treatment torture, but also keep the patient in a happy mood, thus improving the patient’s cure rate.