Viral encephalitis is a group of infectious diseases of the central nervous system caused by various viruses with mental and consciousness disorders as prominent manifestations. 80% of them are caused by enteroviruses, followed by arboviruses, mumps viruses and herpes viruses. Mild cases can resolve on their own, but severe cases can lead to sequelae and death.
The clinical manifestations of the disease vary greatly, depending on the site of neurological involvement and the intensity of the viral cure. The milder cases only have indifferent expression, drowsiness, fever, headache, vomiting, etc. The more severe cases show confusion, convulsions, impaired movement of limbs or paralysis, aphasia, brain herniation, and even death from respiratory and circulatory failure.
【Introduction of treatment】 1, antiviral: according to the type of virus to choose the appropriate antiviral drugs, such as virazole, acyclovir or ganciclovir, etc.
2. Symptomatic treatment: control high fever and circulatory failure, reduce intracranial pressure, resuscitate respiratory and circulatory failure, maintain water and electrolyte balance and nutritional needs.
Key education】 1. Diet Give nutritious, light liquid or semi-liquid diet, such as milk, soy milk, meatloaf soup, etc. Give nasal feeding to those who are comatose.
2.Position and activity Elevate the head and shoulders for those with headache, do not move the head as much as possible for seriously ill children, take 4~6h lying down after lumbar puncture, absolute bed rest in the early stage, and bed activity in the recovery period, and then gradually get out of bed.
3. Review time and indications Regularly review EEG and seek medical attention as soon as headache, vomiting and convulsions occur to avoid delay.
Special instructions】 1.Keep the airway open. Vomit with the head to the side to vomit out the vomit to prevent suffocation.
2.Keep the skin and bed unit clean and dry, turn over regularly, massage the skin of pressurized parts to prevent bedsores.
3, convulsions, the tongue depressor wrapped gauze placed between the upper and lower molars (do not forcibly pry open the teeth tight) to prevent tongue bite. Oral care for comatose children twice a day.
4, children with limb paralysis, should maintain the functional position of the limbs, and strengthen the functional exercise and muscle massage early to promote recovery, with language barriers, parents are instructed to assist children with language training.