(1) Cyclophosphamide (CTX); Usage of CTX As an alkylating agent, CTX is currently recognized as the most effective drug for the treatment of SLE. The classical CTX shock therapy regimen recommended by the NIH is: ① CTX is started at a dose of 0.75/m2 (body surface area), but if the GFR is less than 30% of normal, 0.5/m2 should be added to 150 ml of saline intravenously for more than 1 hour; ② Peripheral blood leukocyte count should be performed 10 to 14 days after shock; ③ Adjust the subsequent CTX dosage to maintain CTX should be gradually increased to the maximum dose of 1.0/m2 if the patient’s condition permits; ④ monthly shock (once every 3 weeks if the disease progresses seriously) for 6 months, then once every 3 months until 1 year after remission (remission criteria are: no abnormal urine sediment, urine protein <1g/d, normal C3 and C4, preferably anti-dsDNA antibody The criteria for remission are: no abnormal urine sediment, normal urine protein <1g/d, normal C3 and C4, preferably negative anti-dsDNA antibody, and no significant activity of extra-renal lupus). Our experience also suggests that such shock therapy is more effective than the monthly regimen, but the toxic side effects may be increased. (2) Azathioprine; the usual dose of Aza is 1-2 mg/(kg×d) (50-100 mg/d), divided into oral doses. (3) Cyclosporine; CsA is commonly used at 5mg/kg/d for adults and 6mg/kg/d for children, divided into 2 oral doses and changed to 3mg/kg/d after 2 months for maintenance treatment. (4) Mycophenolate mofetil (MMF); recommended use of MMF for lupus nephritis: initial dose 1.5g/d in 2 oral doses for 3 months; maintenance dose: 0.25-1.0g/d in 2 oral doses for 6-9 months. (5) Methotrexate (MTX) MTX has been widely used in the treatment of rheumatic diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis, but its use in the treatment of SLE has not been fully studied. It is currently believed to have good efficacy in the manifestation of skin damage, arthritis and plasma cavity effusion in SLE, and whether it is effective in lupus nephritis is still controversial. General usage of MTX: 10-15mg once a week orally or dissolved in 40ml saline by slow intravenous injection.