According to the WHO survey results, cancer patients are generally divided into three categories: first, they can get good results or even be cured with only simple treatment; second, they can get more ideal results with standardized treatment of certain intensity; and third, comprehensive treatment can extend the survival period and improve the quality of survival to some extent. Globally, many cancer patients are receiving treatments that are not suitable for them every day, which not only suffer from unnecessary toxic reactions of patients, but also lead to huge waste of social resources. There are many reasons for overtreatment, including the influence of management system and economic interests, as well as the unknowns and limitations of our understanding of tumors. How to achieve “appropriate”? It means that the indications should be well grasped. Each drug and each treatment will only work best for a specific group of people to obtain the best efficacy. This requires the use of modern molecular biology, molecular pathology and imaging technologies to fully understand the genetic background of the patient and the biological characteristics of the tumor before determining the treatment plan, so as to “prescribe the right drug” and “tailor the right treatment”. How to achieve “appropriate”? According to the patient’s physical condition, psychosocial background and therapeutic needs, and from the current medical technology and economic level, the patient should be given appropriate and moderate treatment, not less than and not too much, which is the moderate medical treatment. Moderate treatment is based on the best clinical evidence and respects the patient’s wishes and choices based on adequate communication.