Surgical treatment Surgical treatment is an important means to treat tumors by surgical resection. It is more effective in treating tumors without metastasis and serious adhesions with important organs and large blood vessels in early stage, but the effect in middle and late stage is not as good as early stage. Radiotherapy is the treatment of malignant tumors by using isotope decay and radiation generated by gas pedal. It is mainly applied to tumors that are relatively confined and sensitive to radiation before systemic spread, such as esophageal cancer, colorectal cancer, lung cancer, nasopharyngeal cancer, laryngeal cancer, maxillary sinus cancer, breast cancer, brain tumor, skin cancer and so on. Once the tumor spreads or local infiltration is extensive, radiotherapy cannot achieve the therapeutic effect, and radiotherapy itself may bring some recent or long-term side effects. Chemotherapy is the main means to treat malignant tumors with chemical antitumor drugs. It is mainly applied to those who are sensitive to anti-cancer drugs and in good physical condition, but the toxic side effects of chemotherapy drugs are large, mainly including nausea, vomiting, hair loss and leukocytopenia. Interventional therapy Interventional therapy refers to the injection of chemical drugs through puncture needles or catheters into tumor lesions or tumor blood supply vessels under the guidance of X-ray machine (or C-arm), CT, B-ultrasound and other equipment to achieve the purpose of treating tumors. However, side effects similar to those caused by systemic chemotherapy may occur. Other therapies Biological, genetic and Chinese medicine therapies are mostly used as adjuvant applications or are yet to be developed, and are mostly used in combination with chemotherapy drugs in clinical practice. In addition, there are other methods such as multi-bullet radiofrequency therapy, systemic and local heat therapy, laser, freezing, etc., which have accumulated certain experience in the treatment of tumors, but their application scope is limited.