For AML1-ETO fusion gene-positive AML patients, treatment options such as combination chemotherapy or allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation are generally chosen depending on whether the case is primary or relapsed. AML1-ETO fusion gene positivity is one of the more common chromosomal variants in AML, which mainly refers to the occurrence of translocation of chromosome 8 and chromosome 21 in human body, resulting in the emergence of AML1-ETO fusion gene. In patients with first-episode leukemia, positivity for this fusion gene generally suggests that the disease is of low malignancy, and a standardized chemotherapy regimen can be given to control the leukemia in order to alleviate symptoms and prolong survival. If the AML1-ETO fusion gene is seen in patients with relapsed leukemia, chemotherapy is not effective, and allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation is usually the treatment of choice. It is recommended that patients choose the appropriate treatment under the guidance of the doctor and actively treat the disease to avoid delays.