Pulmonary alveoli exceeding one-third of the lungs require surgical treatment, although size is only one aspect and depends on the presence of comorbidities. No complications of pulmonary alveoli, usually need to occupy more than one-third of the lung, affecting the patient’s respiratory function, the patient has a subjective dyspnea, chest tightness and other symptoms. Accompanied by cyanosis of the lips and mouth, blood oxygen saturation decreased, seriously affecting the patient’s life treatment, need to consider surgical resection of the lesion. Pulmonary alveoli are not very large, but combined with chronic lung infection, lung abscess, often cough and sputum, stuffy, simple anti-infection treatment is difficult to effectively control, need to consider surgical treatment. Pulmonary alveoli often rupture, inducing changes such as pneumothorax, even if the size of the alveoli is relatively small, timely surgical resection of the lesion is needed. Radiographic findings of pulmonary alveoli should be promptly examined in cardiothoracic surgery to determine whether there is an indication for surgical treatment.