Compression fracture of the 12th vertebra of the thoracic spine is a clinically specific type of fracture caused by collapse of the bone at the anterior edge of the vertebral body as a result of longitudinal impulsive violence to the spine. Compression fractures are classified as mild, moderate, or severe based on the percentage of the anterior edge of the vertebral body that is compressed on a lateral plain radiograph of the spine. When a patient presents with a more severe vertebral compression fracture with irritation of the hips and spinal canal, emergency surgical treatment is required to alleviate the symptoms of spinal nerve compression to avoid serious complications. If a simple anterior vertebral compression fracture is present in the clinic, it can also be treated by vertebroplasty. Mild vertebral compression fractures can also be treated by bed restraint and self-correction with rehabilitation pads to restore the anterior edge of the compressed vertebral body. Compression fractures of the thoracic spine require strict braking and bed rest, pay attention to axial turning to avoid re-stressing the vertebral body and affecting the healing of the fracture, normal recovery to the ground and sitting and standing with brace protection, combined with rehabilitation exercises, the patient can mostly return to normal working life.