Symptoms: Lumbar disc herniation is not new to most people. Low back and leg pain is the most common symptom of the disease and the earliest symptom to appear. The patient’s pain radiates to the posterior aspect of the lower extremity, with the radiation mostly starting at the hip and radiating along the posterior aspect of the thigh to the calf or foot. The nature of lower limb pain can be numbness, tingling, swelling, burning pain, with numbness being the most common; if the cauda equina nerve is damaged, the symptoms can be numbness and tingling in the perineum, urinary and faecal dysfunction and sexual dysfunction and radicular pain in both lower limbs; in severe cases, urinary and faecal incontinence and paralysis of both lower limbs can occur; some people have intermittent claudication, that is, when the patient walks, as the walking distance increases, it causes back pain and discomfort, and the pain and numbness in the affected limb increases. When taking a squatting position or lying in bed, the symptoms gradually disappear; in serious cases, pain relief, muscle paralysis and numbness of the limbs are signs of aggravation rather than reduction of the disease; there are also a few patients with herniated discs who have conscious coldness and low temperature of the limbs, especially the distal toes are heavy; there are also a few who can show pain in the sacrococcygeal region. There are also a few patients who may have sacrococcygeal pain, or low back pain without leg pain. Or only leg pain without lumbar pain may be manifested. Causes and mechanisms: So, how does a herniated lumbar disc actually occur? It is because the lumbar disc tissues (nucleus pulposus, annulus fibrosus and cartilage plate) protrude and compress the spinal cord or cauda equina and spinal nerve roots under the action of external factors after degenerative lesions of different degrees. The spinal cord is an important part of the nervous system. The brain innervates the body through the spinal cord, and the body’s senses are transmitted to the brain through the spinal cord. When the spinal cord is stimulated or the cauda equina or spinal nerve root is compressed, a series of manifestations will be produced: the symptoms of low back and leg pain are heavy in the early stage, pain or light in the middle and late stage, but numbness is aggravated. This results in a series of clinical symptoms such as pain, numbness, soreness and swelling in the lumbar legs. Treatment methods: There are many clinical methods for treating lumbar disc herniation. But in summary, they are broadly divided into three categories: first, conservative therapy, that is, non-surgical therapy, including massage, acupuncture, acupuncture, cupping, traction, physical therapy, Chinese medicine, internal blood circulation, blood stasis, through the meridian pain relief external fumigation, Western medicine, such as dehydration and analgesia; second, minimally invasive therapy, including laser, ozone, discoscopy, plasma knife, collagenase nucleus pulposus, etc.; third, surgical therapy. Each of the three has its own drawbacks: conservative therapy is less risky and less painful, but the course of treatment is long, the efficacy is uncertain, and it is easy to repeat the method; minimally invasive therapy has less damage and a lower recurrence rate, but the indications are stricter; surgical treatment is thorough and has a low recurrence rate, but the technical conditions are high and there are certain risks or injuries. Misconceptions: It is because of the existence of the respective shortcomings of various treatment methods, people always have the following misconceptions about the treatment of lumbar disc herniation. 1, think that lumbar pain is not a disease, treatment does not matter. In fact, in addition to lumbar disc herniation causes back and leg pain, it also causes coldness and weakness of the limbs, and even urinary and fecal disorders or paralysis, which seriously affects the quality of life. 2, blind superstition in a certain method. The basic treatment methods for lumbar disc herniation are surgical therapy, minimally invasive therapy and conservative therapy, which should be able to cure some patients, but that method cannot cure all patients. It is very important to choose the scientific treatment method reasonably! Experienced specialists choose the specific therapy suitable for each patient according to the patient’s clinical symptoms, signs, disease duration, and imaging examination, etc. Neither the doctor nor the patient should exaggerate or superstitiously believe in a certain therapy, nor subjectively resist a certain therapy. 3. Misconceptions about surgery. It is true that most patients with lumbar disc herniation can be relieved or cured by non-surgical treatment, but some patients need surgery. There are two diametrically opposed misconceptions in treating this issue of surgery: one is blind surgery, and the other is refusal of surgery. The indications for lumbar disc herniation surgery are very strict; the latter amplifies the negative effects such as nerve damage brought about by surgery, and considers surgery as resolutely impossible, while conservative treatment is the rule. It should be said that some patients can have their symptoms relieved by conservative treatment, but there are always some symptoms left behind that are difficult to improve, while most patients with indications for surgery must receive surgery after conservative treatment is ineffective, and the earlier the better, otherwise Nerve damage may become permanent, so we should discriminate between surgery and conservative treatment, and we cannot easily operate or be conservative. The patient is reminded that experienced orthopedic specialists have the scientific means to protect the nerve. Those who have the following circumstances have the surgical pointers: 1. Acute onset with obvious symptoms of compression of the cauda equina nerve. Patients with symptoms of cauda equina compression at the onset, such as urinary and fecal dysfunction, need urgent surgery to remove the herniated disc tissue. 2.Patients with clear diagnosis and invalidated by long-term systematic conservative treatment. Some patients should receive surgery if the symptoms do not improve significantly after regular systematic conservative treatment and the diagnosis is clear by CT or contrast examination. 3.Some patients with recurrent symptoms, some patients with significant symptoms, relieved by non-surgical treatment, and then seized again in less than 6 to 8 weeks, affecting normal work, study and life, should consider surgical treatment. 4.The condition develops gradually and the neurological symptoms are obvious. If the patient’s condition worsens, muscle strength weakens, nerve innervation area continues to be numb or even sags, physical examination shows signs of nerve damage, and the nerve root compression condition matches the symptoms in combination with CT and imaging, early surgery should be performed.