Transient paroxysmal dystonia in infants starts at 2-8 months of age, and in a few cases at 14-30 months of age. Most are idiopathic. It has a benign course, mostly resolving on its own after 8-22 months, and is thought to belong to the infantile form of exercise-induced paroxysmal dyskinesia. Manifestations: dystonia, twisting of the limbs or trunk, sometimes even in the form of angulation, lasting from a few minutes to 2 hours, the frequency of episodes ranges from a few times a day to once a month, and the abnormal posture disappears in infants when the affected limbs make voluntary movements. Some infants present with paroxysmal strabismus, called infantile transient paroxysmal strabismus, in which the head is tilted to one side and the face is twisted to the opposite side, for varying periods of time. It usually lasts 2 to 3 days, but can be as short as 10 minutes or as long as 2 weeks. The child usually feels no discomfort during the attack unless the parent forcibly corrects the head position. In some cases, the seizure is accompanied by brief periods of vomiting, pallor, or restlessness. Clinical differentiation should be made from tonic seizures, infantile tetanus, and forced head position due to tumors in the posterior cranial recess. In some cases, symptomatic dystonia in infancy is associated with psychomotor retardation, ataxia, migraine headaches, and epileptic seizures, and the various manifestations present in different combinations. In this case, the symptoms of seizures, dystonia and ataxia should be judged separately, so as to avoid diagnosing all kinds of motor symptoms as epileptic seizures, resulting in “intractable epilepsy” of medical origin.