It is also called convulsion, which is a sudden onset of generalized or localized muscle twitching, mostly accompanied by upward rolling of both eyes, staring, squinting, or frequent blinking, pale or purple lips and face, closed teeth, and white foam at the mouth. Sometimes the seizures are repeated or even continuous. It is more common in infants and children. The frequent seizures or persistent state of convulsions can endanger the life of the child or leave serious sequelae, affecting the intellectual development and health of the child. The etiology of convulsions is complex, divided into infectious and non-infectious, and can be further divided into intracranial and extracranial lesions according to the site of involvement, including encephalitis, craniocerebral injury, cerebral hypoxia, cerebral hemorrhage, intracranial occupational disease, epilepsy, toxic encephalopathy, upper respiratory tract infection, acute gastroenteritis, electrolyte disorders, hypoglycemia, poisoning, genetic metabolic diseases, etc. Febrile convulsions are the most common type of convulsions in extracranial infections and occur when fever is above 38°C due to infections outside the pediatric central nervous system, accounting for the vast majority of pediatric convulsions, mostly occurring in the early stages of upper respiratory tract infections or certain infectious diseases. Repeated convulsions can have a serious impact on children’s health, so active search for the cause and prevention is an effective measure to protect children’s health.