The lumbar intervertebral disc is composed of hyaline cartilaginous plates, annulus fibrosus, and nucleus pulposus, distributed between the lumbar vertebrae. Its main function is to absorb shock and distribute load. Lumbar disc herniation is a disease mainly manifested by low back and leg pain caused by the herniated nucleus pulposus compressing the nerve root after the rupture of the annulus fibrosus. Causes: The basic factor of lumbar disc herniation is degeneration of the intervertebral discs, but certain triggering factors can increase the pressure in the intervertebral space and cause the nucleus pulposus to protrude. Such triggering factors are often related to the following factors: 1, age factors: lumbar intervertebral disc herniation occurs at the age of 30-50 years old, the average age of surgery in 40 years old, so degeneration may be an important factor. 2.Height and gender: excessive stature can also predispose to lumbar herniation, and the incidence rate of men is five times higher than that of women. 3, increase abdominal pressure: clinically about 1/3 of the patients before the onset of a clear increase in abdominal pressure factors, such as violent coughing, sneezing, breath holding, straining to defecate. So that the abdominal pressure increases, destroying the balance between the intervertebral space and the spinal canal. 4, bad position: people in the completion of a variety of work, the need to constantly change a variety of positions to relieve lumbar pressure, such as long-term in a position unchanged, can lead to localized cumulative injury. Especially in the long-term bad posture is more likely to induce the disease. 5, occupational factors: the highest incidence of heavy manual labor. Automobile drivers, due to long-term bumps and vibration, the pressure on the intervertebral discs is large and repeated changes, also easy to induce disc herniation. 6, long time lack of lumbar back muscle function exercise, lumbar back muscle atrophy after lumbar spine is more prone to injury. Diagnosis: not all of the lumbar and leg pain are lumbar disc herniation, diagnosis needs to be careful. Clinical diagnosis of lumbar disc herniation is generally based on the following points: the patient’s description of the disease (e.g., the nature of the low back pain, its location, its duration, the treatment and its effect) + the positive signs of the physical examination (the sensation of the lower limbs, whether the muscle strength is abnormal, and whether the straight-leg raising test is performed) + the results of the imaging examination (whether the herniated disc segments are in line with the results of the clinical examination) Treatment: The treatment for lumbar disc herniation depends on the patient’s condition. Treatment: Depending on the patient’s condition, there are several ways to treat lumbar disc herniation (step therapy program). Surgical treatment is subdivided into traditional open surgery and minimally invasive surgery.