Microglobulin generally refers to β2-microglobulin, which is a small-molecule globulin produced by lymphocytes, platelets, etc. Increased β-microglobulin may be the result of decreased glomerular filtration and impaired tubular reabsorption. β2-microglobulin is a small molecule globulin mainly produced by lymphocytes, platelets, polymorphonuclear leukocytes. It can be used as an indicator to reflect the glomerular filtration function. If patients have acute nephritis, chronic nephritis, renal failure and other pathologies, which may lead to a decline in the glomerular filtration function of the patient, an increase in plasma β2-microglobulin occurs when patients undergo β2-microglobulin examination. In addition, β2-microglobulin can also reflect the tubular reabsorption function, if the patient’s kidney transplantation rejection, or chronic cadmium poisoning, congenital proximal tubular function defects may lead to tubular reabsorption impaired, which will also lead to increased β2-microglobulin. The β2-microglobulin increase is considered to be caused by acute nephritis, chronic cadmium poisoning and other factors, it is recommended that patients with β2-microglobulin increase in time to check the cause of the disease, the doctor will be based on the cause of the disease to take appropriate measures to treat.