Concept: Adenoid hyperplasia and hypertrophy that causes corresponding symptoms.
The disease most often occurs in children aged 3-5 years.
Etiology.
Pathological hyperplasia of the adenoids due to repeated inflammatory stimulation of the nasopharynx and its adjacent areas or of the adenoids themselves.
Clinical manifestations.
1. Local.
(1) Ear symptoms: secretory otitis media (obstruction of the pharyngeal orifice of the eustachian tube), which may progress to purulent otitis media.
(2) Nasal symptoms: concurrent rhinitis, sinusitis, nasal congestion, runny nose, occlusive nasal sound, snoring.
(3) Pharyngeal, laryngeal and lower respiratory tract symptoms: paroxysmal cough, tracheitis.
(4) Adenoid face : abnormal facial bone development, irregular teeth, protruding upper incisors, thick lips.
(2) Systemic: chronic toxicity, reflex neurological symptoms, nutritional dysplasia, unresponsiveness, inattention, night terrors, teeth grinding, enuresis.
Examination.
Some children have an “adenoid face”, often accompanied by palatine tonsil hypertrophy.
Anterior rhinoscopy: red nasopharyngeal bulge.
Palpation: soft lymphoid masses on the posterior wall of the nasopharynx, which do not bleed easily.
Lateral nasopharyngeal x-ray and CT can assist in the diagnosis.
Diagnosis : Based on history, symptoms and examination, diagnosis can be established.
Treatment : 1.
1. General treatment.
Pay attention to nutrition, prevent upper respiratory tract infection, enhance the body’s immunity, and treat the original disease.
2. Surgical treatment.
If conservative therapy is not effective, proliferative debridement should be performed as early as possible, such as tonsillar hypertrophy can be removed together. Surgery is often performed after the age of 5.