1, mirror tongue: that is, no moss on the tongue, as smooth as a mirror. Light suggests malnutrition, or lack of iron or vitamin B2 in the body; heavy indicates that the body fluid deficiency, the disease is deep. If the mirror tongue of a person who has been ill for a long time is also reddish in color, sepsis should also be prevented. If the tongue of an elderly person is smooth like a mirror and the two veins at the base of the tongue are thickened and lengthened, it indicates pulmonary heart disease. Observation of the tongue is an important part of Chinese medicine diagnosis and diagnosis and treatment, it can not only understand the yin and yang of the disease, cold and heat, but also predict the development trend of the disease, the prognosis of good and bad, and provide an important basis for clinical legislation and prescription. 2, pale white tongue: pale white tongue color, red less white, according to its red, white ratio, can be divided into two categories: a slightly lighter than normal tongue color, but still visible red; the other category is withered white tongue, blood color all, even the lips, gums are also pale. Pale white tongue, generally more than normal fat, tongue surface moist and more fluid, as if there is an excess of water moisture soaked in the inside, and appear floating fat and delicate; in the edge of the tongue, because of the teeth extrusion and obvious tooth marks, like the edge of the lotus leaf around the sides of the tongue. A pale white tongue is an important sign of deficiency and coldness. If you see that the tongue is pale white, the tongue body is not fat, similar to the size of a normal person, or the tongue body is slightly thin, the tongue surface is lubricated but not much fluid, and there are symptoms such as shortness of breath, weakness, low voice, spontaneous sweating and palpitations, dizziness and tinnitus, pale and florid mouth, and pale or atrophied face, you can be diagnosed as Qi and Blood deficiency disease. If the tongue is pale white, fat and tender, moist and fluid, with tooth marks on the edge of the tongue, and symptoms such as cold fear, swelling and drowsiness, loose stools and sluggish pulse, it can be diagnosed as Yang deficiency and internal cold. Modern medicine confirms that pale white tongue is mostly seen in patients with anemia and protein deficiency and malnutrition. In addition, chronic nephritis, hypothyroidism, hypotension, advanced schistosomiasis hypothermia, mucus edema, etc. can also be accompanied by the performance of pale white tongue. Patients mainly because of endocrine disorders, reduced metabolism, peripheral vasoconstriction, reduced blood filling, blood flow is more slowly, so the color of the tongue becomes lighter. Due to protein metabolism disorder, the total amount of protein is insufficient, albumin is reduced, which can make the tissue edema and lead to the phenomenon of floating fat and delicate tongue, which makes the tongue lighter and shows a pale white and fat tongue image. 3, punctured tongue: refers to the tongue has a lot of red thorns group protruding from the tongue, as if the fruit of the grass mold. Spurs appear on the tip of the tongue or the edge of the tongue, indicating heat, which can be seen in various febrile infectious diseases or patients with large burns; spurs appear in the tongue, mostly for more heat toxicity or heat into the blood, prone to shock, mental coma. People with insomnia, constipation or night work tension, as well as vitamin deficiency, malnutrition and cortical dysfunction, can also develop red punctures on the tongue, which is called yin deficiency and fire in Chinese medicine. The punctures on the tongue are painful, but they will disappear sooner after rest, adjustment of nutritional structure and smooth bowel movement. Modern research suggests that the punctures are formed by the proliferation or hypertrophy of the generational papillae on the tongue. 4.Cracked tongue: The cracks on the tongue are deep cracks, shallow cracks, and cracks and wrinkles in different directions. The shallow fissure is like a wrinkle, and the deep fissure is like being cut and sheared by a knife, with irregular fissure grooves. About 0.5% of normal people are born with congenital clefts on the tongue surface. Modern medicine believes that the shallow cracks on the tongue surface is mainly due to the atrophy of the tongue mucosa, so that the original longitudinal and transverse lines of the tongue muscle through the surface and formed; deep cracks in the tongue is more serious tongue atrophy “clean so that the epithelial layer of the tongue muscle loses its normal structure, part of the tongue papillae become flat and fused, part of the atrophy of the fracture and the formation of cracks, the graphics of the cracks on the tongue is really bizarre, there are longitudinal The pattern of fissures on the tongue is really bizarre, with longitudinal, horizontal, tree-fork, well, lines, or guttering like the brain, and some like pebbles. Pathological tongue fissures often exist at the same time with atrophy tongue, which can be seen in some chronic wasting diseases, as well as malnutrition diseases and vitamin B deficiency caused by chronic tongue inflammation cases, so often accompanied by tongue pain, dry mouth and other phenomena. Long-term map tongue, some of which can later be transformed into a cracked tongue. Chinese medicine believes that the cracked tongue and see the tongue dry, mostly for the lack of fluid; with heat, also visible tongue red-red color. 5, smooth tongue: tongue light and no Jin, there is no tongue moss, flat as a mirror, look at the light, also known as “mirror tongue”. No matter what kind of disease, where to see this tongue, all indicate that the body has signs of yin liquid extinction, serious loss of fluids. Tongue light and red-red vivid for heat and Yin, tongue light and light color for gas and Yin two injuries. According to Chinese medicine, a flat tongue like a mirror is a critical tongue image. According to the clinical observation of combined Chinese and Western medicine, a smooth tongue is a tongue without moss and dots, and all the filiform papillae and myxoid papillae of the tongue are atrophied, which is a manifestation of late stage of tongue inflammation. Smooth tongue can be seen in severe vitamin c deficiency, pernicious anemia, high fever for a long time, liver cirrhosis and pulmonary heart disease in the failure stage, chronic renal failure uremia, toxic shock, cerebral coma and other diseases. Research has confirmed that various factors causing necrosis of the epithelial cells of the tongue mucosa may lead to tongue light like a mirror. 6, stasis tongue: the tip of the tongue or tongue edge with scattered purple-black petechiae or petechiae, this phenomenon suggests that the body has “stagnant blood stopping accumulation”. People with blood stasis, the body’s blood flow is slower, in some parts of the blood flow can even appear completely stagnant. When people eat, they may accidentally bite the edge of the tongue and the tip of the tongue; when people are sick, the brittleness of blood vessels increases, and sometimes they may unknowingly break the blood vessels on the tongue. The tongue is more responsive and tends to bleed more easily than other parts of the body, making the tongue prone to petechiae or ecchymosis. Petechiae and petechiae on the tongue are also common in young women. Most of them have irregular menstruation, dark menstruation, often with blood clots and dysmenorrhea, which is considered by TCM to be a manifestation of blood stasis and stagnation. Treatment with drugs that regulate menstruation and invigorate blood circulation will help to clear microcirculation stasis in the tongue and restore normal blood flow, so that not only irregular menstruation and dysmenorrhea can be cured, but also stasis points and petechiae will disappear on the tongue. Many tumor patients have petechiae and petechiae on the tongue, sometimes accompanied with cyanotic tongue. According to statistics, malignant tumor patients with purple tongue accounts for about 50%, with petechiae, petechiae in about 20%, if the tongue suddenly appear petechiae, petechiae, should be examined in detail, and must pay attention to 7, 7, swollen tongue: tongue body enlargement, tongue edge with tooth marks, known as the tongue fat; fat even more for swelling, tongue full of oral cavity, rotation, and even can affect breathing and language. According to Chinese medicine, a fat tongue indicates qi deficiency or water dampness; a fat tongue with greasy coating is mostly phlegm dampness or damp heat. If the tongue is bright red and swollen, it is often due to heat in the heart and stomach; if the tongue is purple and swollen, it is often due to alcohol poisoning; if the tongue is swollen and even the lips are swollen and blue, it is due to blood stagnation, often due to drug poisoning or food poisoning. Modern medicine believes that the tongue is swollen, mainly due to the proliferation of connective tissue of the tongue, tissue edema, or vascular and lymphatic reflux disorders and other factors, mostly seen in patients with hypothyroidism, acromegaly, chronic nephritis and uremia, and acute poisoning. Some patients with pharynx or neck compression, such as severe laryngeal edema, or extreme enlargement of the thyroid gland, the tongue will also appear swollen. 8, thin and deflated tongue: the tongue body becomes thin and shriveled. Modern medicine believes that the cause of thin and deflated tongue is general malnutrition, so that the tongue muscles and epithelial mucosa atrophy caused. Most commonly seen in chronic wasting diseases, accompanied by general wasting, such as severe tuberculosis, pulmonary heart disease combined with infection and advanced cancer patients, followed by long-term gastrointestinal dysfunction, vitamin and protein deficiency, pernicious anemia, etc., can also make the tongue body become thin and small. Chinese medicine believes that the tongue flesh and the heart and spleen two lung organs related, heart and spleen deficiency then tongue thin and deflated. If the tongue is light white and thin and deflated, for yin and yang deficiency, lack of qi and blood, can not fill the tongue body, long because the tongue body can not moisten and thin and deflated; tongue red drop and thin and deflated, it is a yin deficiency of fire, the more deficient yin, the more fire, so the tongue body withered, thin and other changes. Regardless of the new disease, long disease, such as see thin deflated tongue, the disease is unlikely to be light; such as thin deflated and withered without Jin, tongue color dull, the prognosis is mostly bad. 9, skirt tongue: tongue sticking out more than the scope of the corners of the mouth on both sides, and obviously puffy and delicate, plus the tongue edge with teeth pressed out of the tooth marks, as if the edge of the lesbian skirt. Skirt-edge tongue is due to malnutrition in the body, especially lack of protein, causing edema of the tongue. Tongue tissue is more sensitive than the general organs, so there may be other parts of the body at this time the performance of edema. 10.Flowering tongue: The tongue is partially peeled off and the red tongue under the moss is broken out. Most children with flaking tongue have allergies and are prone to allergic disorders such as milk fungus and asthma, and often have partial eating habits, mainly not liking vegetables, and often have malnutrition, anemia, vitamin deficiency and intestinal parasites. Western medicine called part of the flaking tongue map-like tongue, because the central depression of the flaking tongue is bright red, while the edges are small gray-white elevations, as if the winding borders on the map model. Chinese medicine believes that more flaky tongue congenital deficiency, need to often take some kidney Chinese medicine to improve the body, such as river car Dazao pill, placenta powder, etc.. Adults appear flower flaking tongue all belong to Yin deficiency, blood deficiency. Among them, the front half of the tongue flaking for heart yin deficiency, yin deficiency is light; tongue root flaking, for liver and kidney yin deficiency, yin deficiency is heavy; tongue in the middle of a tongue moss light flaking, commonly known as chicken heart tongue, it indicates very serious injury to yin.