Tpoab is a thyroid peroxidase antibody, which is an important enzyme involved in the anabolism of thyroid hormones in the follicular cells of the thyroid gland. When immune dysfunction occurs in the body, the follicular cells of the thyroid gland are damaged and the peroxidase enzyme from the follicular cells enters the bloodstream, stimulating the body to produce a certain amount of anti-thyroid peroxidase antibodies. Elevated antibody levels are indicative of chronic lymphocytic thyroiditis, or chronic Hashimoto’s thyroiditis. If the level of thyroid function is normal, no special treatment is clinically necessary. If hypothyroidism has occurred, oral euthyroxine is required for replacement therapy, and patients should monitor their thyroid function.