Esophageal cancer can be treated by surgery if the doctor evaluates that it is suitable for surgery and the patient is willing to undergo surgery at the same time. There are many ways to treat esophageal cancer in clinic, and surgical treatment is one of the most commonly used ones, and surgical treatment is the means to cure esophageal cancer. Patients can choose traditional open, laparoscopic-assisted or robotic-assisted esophageal cancer resection, and those who are unable to tolerate transthoracic surgery can choose trans-diaphragmatic cleft esophageal endoprosthesis and extraction surgery. Patients who refuse surgery or are intolerant to surgery can choose radiotherapy. Before performing surgical treatment for esophageal cancer patients, patients need to undergo a comprehensive examination to clarify their conditions, and a suitable surgical plan should be formulated after a comprehensive assessment by a professional physician, and not every patient is suitable for the use of surgery. Once diagnosed with esophageal cancer, individuals should actively cooperate with the treatment.