First, actively prevent the occurrence of dementia Alzheimer’s disease is a slow-onset disease, and there is no special drug treatment yet. Therefore, we should actively prevent and control various risk factors that lead to dementia, such as poor lifestyle and diet, emotional depression, environmental pollution, etc. After retirement, the elderly should actively participate in social activities, make friends, cultivate interests, and engage in mental and physical activities within their ability. Family members should understand and tolerate the elderly, listen patiently to what they have to say, and do not stop or blame them for their nagging. Can not use language and behavior that hurt feelings or damage the self-esteem of the elderly, not because of the sick elderly stubborn, wrestling things, go out and get lost, etc. and other into personality insult, or the use of shut, lock method to deal with. It is best to live with children, not separated from the family, not separated from society. Second, help take care of the patient’s daily life The elderly with dementia have poor self-care ability in hygiene, diet, urination and defecation, living and other aspects of daily life, and need family supervision or assistance. Arrange a reasonable and regular life for the patient, ask them to wake up, go to bed and eat on time, so that their life is close to normal, and ensure enough rest and sleep time. Maintaining good personal hygiene habits can reduce the chance of infection. Personal hygiene includes the hygiene of skin, hair, nails, mouth, etc. It requires brushing teeth and washing face in the morning and evening, cutting nails regularly, washing hair and bathing regularly, and changing underwear and bedding regularly. Hygiene guidance is given and measures are taken to stop unhygienic behavior. Those who are bedridden for a long time should be turned and patted regularly to prevent bedsores and other care. For patients with serious illnesses, assist in taking care of their daily lives, taking care of nutrition, food, warm and cold clothes and personal hygiene. During the day, try to carry out some activities that are beneficial to physical and mental health, such as raising flowers, fish, painting, walking, tai chi, knitting, etc. In addition, you can also read newspapers, listen to the radio, selectively watch some recreational television (avoid watching horror, thrilling and sentimental programs), so that patients can fully feel the joy of life and maintain a relaxed and happy mood. This can strengthen the brain’s thinking activities, accelerate brain blood circulation and brain cell metabolism. Patients often have sleep disorders, to create conditions for patients to fall asleep, the surrounding environment should be quiet, wash feet with warm water before going to sleep, do not engage in stimulating conversations or watch stimulating television, etc.. Do not give the elderly to drink alcohol, smoke, drink strong tea, coffee, so as not to affect the quality of sleep. For serious insomnia, give drugs to assist sleep, and do not live alone at night to avoid accidents. Third, strengthen the patient’s functional training, training the elderly with dementia’s ability to take care of themselves. Supervise, check and guide the patient’s behavior in daily life, train the ability to take care of themselves, and delay the decline of intelligence. For the elderly with mild dementia, we should urge the patients to take care of their own life, such as buying food and cooking, cleaning up their rooms, cleaning up their personal hygiene, encouraging them to participate in social activities, arranging some time to read newspapers and watch TV, so that they can have some contact with their surroundings to distract their morbid thinking, cultivate their interest in life, activate their emotions, and slow down their mental decline. For the elderly with moderate to severe dementia, family members should spend some time to help and train the patient to take care of himself/herself, such as grooming, eating, folding clothes and toilets, and asking him/her to get up on time; family members or caregivers should accompany the patient to go out, recognize the way and the door of the house; lead the patient to do some housework, such as wiping the table and sweeping the floor; do not do everything, which will accelerate the development of dementia. Family members should communicate more with the patient and encourage the patient to make friends and participate in social activities. Strengthen the training of thinking, memory and calculation ability. Those with speech disorders should have oral training. Through conversation, the patient’s speech, thinking and other abilities are trained. Patients with paralysis should strengthen limb function rehabilitation training to prevent joint contracture and muscle straightening. Encourage activity and guarantee sleep. Patients can be encouraged to be more active according to their usual hobbies, but the amount of activity should not be too high. When going out for activities, someone should accompany them to prevent crashing, hitting, falling or arguing with others. The patient should have 6 to 8 hours of sleep a day, and try to take a nap in summer. Do not let the patient go out alone to avoid getting lost or wandering off. It is better to put a card or cloth with the patient’s name, address and contact number in the clothes bag to make it easier to find the patient in case he/she gets lost. When walking, someone should support or take care of the patient to prevent falls and fractures, and for elderly people with dementia living in high-rise buildings, they should be prevented from accidentally falling down. When taking a bath, be careful not to burn yourself. When eating, someone must take care of the patient to avoid choking and death by suffocation, and when eating fish, be careful not to get stuck by fish spines. The patient should be taken care of, send the medicine to the mouth and see that it is taken down. Sleeping bed should be low, if necessary, can add fence. Do not let the patient alone to undertake household chores to avoid accidents such as gas poisoning and fire. The daily necessities of the elderly should be placed in a place where they can be seen and found. Dangerous goods such as medicines, chemical daily necessities, hot water bottles, power supplies, knives and scissors in the home should be placed in a safe, non-collision place to prevent patients from committing suicide or accidents. It is best to keep someone with you at all times. V. Improve the family environment Home facilities should be convenient for patients to live, activities and rich life interest. Family harmony and warmth, so that the patient can experience the care and support of his family, encourage the patient to establish confidence to overcome the disease, and avoid all adverse stimuli. Prevent lung infection Open the window twice a day for 15-20 minutes each time, and adjust the room temperature to 20-22℃ and humidity to 50%-60%. After eating, keep the patient in semi-recumbent position for 30-60 minutes and then resume the position. The amount of food per meal should be 300-400ml, the speed should not be too fast, the time should be 20-30 minutes, and the temperature should be 40℃ to avoid vomiting caused by stomach cramps due to cold and heat stimulation. Patients with dentures must be removed before going to bed, cleaned and placed in a container with cool boiled water. Ensure that the patient has adequate water intake, usually 2000 ml/day, to reduce the viscosity of secretions. Keep the respiratory tract unobstructed, encourage awake patients to breathe deeply enough to stretch the part of the complementary activities can be good for the B respiratory tract infection, for long-term bedridden patients, to more lateral position, every 2 hours reflex, tap the back once, tap the back at the same time to encourage coughing. 8 Prevent pressure sores: Norton scoring can be used, with nurses scoring each of the five items in the scoring criteria and adding them up, and a total score of less than 14 can be considered a patient at high risk of developing pressure sores. Patients should be turned, scrubbed, massaged, and changed regularly, changing positions regularly, turning once every 1-2 hours, and using warm towels to scrub and massage the pressure points of the skeletal bulge. Patients should be scrubbed and changed promptly if they are incontinent, vomiting, or sweating. Place sponge cushions or cotton rings, air rings, etc. on the bony bulge where pressure is easily applied, and if necessary, place air cushions to prevent pressure sores. For patients who have pressure sores, physical therapy or medication should be given. For patients with urinary retention, catheterization should be avoided as much as possible. Patients can be assisted to urinate by induction and massage of the bladder area, and caregivers should observe carefully, ask questions actively, give the patient a commode regularly, and take appropriate positions to relieve the difficulty of urination when possible. For patients with urinary incontinence, change wet clothes, bed sheets and bedding in a timely manner, and wash the perineum daily to keep it clean and comfortable. Strictly implement aseptic operation when placing catheters to avoid urinary tract infections. Encourage the patient to drink more water to dilute the urine and increase the urine volume. Disinfect the urethral orifice twice a day with 0.5% iodophor cotton balls and keep the perineum clean. Patients with constipation should massage their abdomen daily and develop the habit of having a bowel movement every morning, usually no more than 3 days between each bowel movement. Develop the habit of regular bowel movements to promote the formation of a normal bowel reflex. Appropriate use of drugs for constipation, such as marijuana intestinal pills. Nine, supply appropriate nutrition Strengthen dietary care: before each meal, nursing staff and patients should wash their hands and lay a towel on the patient’s chest; when feeding milk, soy milk, rice soup and other liquid diet, use a straw to suck or use a teapot to feed, pay attention to cold and heat to appropriate, should slowly suck less drink to prevent fluid choking into the trachea, solid food should be cut into small pieces and then let the patient eat, and try to talk less with the patient during meals, and not to make the patient laugh, to prevent food inadvertently inhaled into the trachea. To avoid accidental aspiration of food into the trachea. For patients with swallowing difficulties, the diet should be light, less crumbly, soft food, bread, buns can be wrapped in juice to eat, when choking on water is obvious, should minimize the water, to soup, juice instead. Elevate the head of the bed 30-45 degrees during mealtime. Gastric tube care: check the length of the gastric tube outside the nasal cavity before nasal feeding, ask the patient to open the mouth to check whether the nasal tube is in the mouth again, inject 10ml of air with a syringe, while auscultating in the abdomen, the sound of gas over water can be heard, or the gastric contents can be withdrawn from the nasal tube, indicating that the gastric tube is in the stomach; the movement should be light and slow when feeding, so as not to cause vomiting; the feeding volume should be 200-300ml each time, 4-6 times a day. The temperature should be 38-40℃. At the end of each feeding, a small amount of warm water should be injected to flush the tube to avoid food blocking the gastric tube. The content and volume of the diet should be recorded after each feeding. Nasal feeding tube utensils should be kept clean and washed after use. The gastric tube should be changed regularly according to the requirements (2-4 weeks).