Pain, lumps, and overflow are known as the three major symptoms of breast disease, and most patients who come to the hospital do so because they feel a lump in their breast. At every stage of a woman’s life, adolescence, pregnancy, breastfeeding, middle age, and old age, breast lumps can occur at any stage, and some lumps can even be fatal. The scariest thing is that most breast lumps grow quietly, without pain or itching, without delay in eating and sleeping, without delay in exercising life, thinking that it does not matter, so paralyzed, who knows, when one day, you want to get up to see a doctor, found that it has long been not the “small beans” you found at the beginning “small peanut” is no longer. It has become a hard “big walnut” “big egg”, more unacceptable is that it can still move, but now it seems to have no boundary, growing on the chest wall motionless. And this lump was given a terrible name by the doctor – breast cancer. I. Lumps are divided into benign and malignant What does a benign lump look like? Let’s look at this case first. One morning a month ago, just after opening the clinic, a couple came in. The lady, who was in her 40s, said, “Doctor, last night when I was taking a bath, I inadvertently felt a lump in my right breast as big as a child’s fist, and it was rolling around with a gurgle, which scared me to death. Our doctors are very experienced in this area. 1. From the patient’s symptoms: she had almost never had any discomfort in her breasts and was not aware of any growth on her breasts before. 2. From the patient’s signs: her right breast was significantly larger than her left breast, the skin above the nipple was elevated, and a lump could be felt with clear borders, smooth surface, good mobility, and a hard and tough texture. There was no pain on pressure. 3. Auxiliary examination: a lump of 6*7 cm within the glandular layer of the right breast was seen, with clear borders, envelope, and no obvious blood flow signal was seen. The three indicators can initially confirm that the woman has a huge tumor growing in her right breast. Specific management measures: puncture pathology examination. Send frozen during surgery. To hand over to the family that further stage II surgical treatment is needed if malignant. Fortunately, this woman’s tumor was a benign fibroadenoma. It would not recur in its original location after excision. I was impressed by the fact that the three patients who registered immediately after her told the doctor that each of them had a single breast mass or multiple breast masses in one or both breasts, and more typically, each of them was discovered unintentionally “in the shower”. The type of benign lumps, characteristics and treatment 1, breast fibroadenoma generally occurs in young women between the ages of 20 and 30, mostly found unintentionally when bathing, pain is not obvious, hard and tough, slow growth, good mobility, ultrasound shows: hypoechoic nodules, with obvious envelope, clear borders, regular shape. 2, cystic hyperplasia of the breast Most middle-aged women develop, no obvious conscious symptoms, occasional nipple outflow of yellowish fluid, breast ultrasound: multiple echogenic nodules are visible. Most of them are caused by endocrine disorders ductal dilation. 3, mastopexy nodules can develop at any age of childbearing age, and generally have regular pain with the cyclical changes of menstruation. Generally multiple, occasionally single. The borders are not clear, the mobility is not great, and pain can occur with pressure. Ultrasound can show: hypoechoic nodular shadow with unclear borders and irregular shape. 4.Mammary lipoma Benign tumor in the fat layer of breast, usually observed and not treated. 5.Mammary malformation tumor An extremely rare benign tumor in the breast is generally difficult to distinguish from other benign tumors and requires final pathological diagnosis. 6. Breast tuberculosis Some patients with breast tuberculosis have a history of tuberculosis and a positive tuberculin test, which is difficult to distinguish from malignant tumors and requires a pathological diagnosis. 7, fat necrosis of the breast Most of these patients are elderly patients with a history of trauma after breast degeneration. 8, inflammatory mammary masses Mastitis is divided into lactating and non-lactating mastitis, regardless of the type of inflammation, there will always be skin redness, breast lumps, increased skin temperature, and other inflammatory manifestations. Benign breast lumps are summarized by the following characteristics: slow growth, good mobility, hard and tough texture, smooth surface, regular shape, clear demarcation from surrounding tissue, partial or complete envelope, no recurrence, and no metastasis. The treatment of benign lumps generally depends on the situation, not urgent to operate immediately can observe the growth of lumps, if found that the recent growth is rapid or the lump is huge, can be solved by surgery. Characteristics and treatment of malignant breast tumors Most malignant lumps occur in middle and old age, although there is now a trend of advancement reported, and most malignant lumps in China are common in women around 50 years old. They are mainly characterized by painless masses, hard texture, rapid growth, rapid metastasis and recurrence. Adjuvant examination shows indistinct boundaries of the lump, crab foot-like, with calcified spots and abundant blood flow signals, etc. Several types of breast cancer: Eczema-like carcinoma of the nipple – itchy itchy nipple with repeated breaking of water. Inflammatory breast cancer – skin redness and swelling similar to breast cancer during lactation, high malignancy Occult breast cancer – no lump in the breast, metastasis is found first Parametrial breast cancer – parametrial breast in the armpit area Mass found Male breast cancer – breast cancer found in men Secondary breast cancer – cancer from another site metastasized to the breast Breast cancer from radical surgery – modified radical surgery – total mastectomy – segmental resection plus axillary lymph node dissection (breast conservation) Neoadjuvant chemotherapy, radiotherapy, biologic targeting, endocrine therapy, physical therapy, Chinese herbal medicine, etc. Early detection of breast cancer is obviously more meaningful to the survival of life! 4. Methods of breast self-examination Most of the breast cancers are found by the patients themselves when they are examined at home. So what is the best way to detect breast problems? Here is how to perform breast self-examination. 1.Facing the mirror, bare your upper body and cross your arms to see if your breasts are symmetrical and if there is no nipple depression or elevation or lowering. The skin surface has no bulges or dimples, etc. 2, the fingers and palms in a plane, to touch the opposite side of the breast. Touch the right breast with your left hand and the left breast with your right hand. Do not pinch and pinch with your hands to avoid mistaking normal breast tissue for a lump. 3, the breast is divided into five areas, the outer upper, outer lower, inner upper, inner lower, nipple areola area, in order from the outer to inner respectively in turn touch, press, there is no lump. 4.The armpit is the part of the breast examination that cannot be missed. Touch the armpit with your fingertips to see if there is a lump.