Dietary myths: family or friends hospitalized to do surgery, family and friends of all kinds of health care products sent over, the family is stewed every day a variety of tonic soup, thinking of the patient’s body “make up” up. Is this the right thing to do? In fact, the composition of the stew for a large number of water, fat, purine, a small portion of water-soluble vitamins, minerals, proteins. The delicious soup is only due to fat and purine in the work. Chicken soup has less than 10% of the nutrition of chicken. Stewed soup is especially unsuitable for patients with high blood fat or gout. Patients who drink stew after gastrointestinal surgery may suffer from diarrhea due to the inability to digest too much fat. Long-term patients who just drink soup and neglect to eat meat will lead to protein deficiency. Therefore, it is better to drink soup than to eat meat! Dietary points – balanced meals: Common treatment methods for tumors include surgery, chemotherapy and radiotherapy. All stages of treatment are closely related to diet and nutrition. Especially before and after surgery, many patients’ family members will gather around the doctor and ask which food can be eaten and which food cannot be eaten. Patients always tell each other about various foods that need to be avoided or certain foods that have miraculous curative effects. In fact, there is no bad food, only bad diet structure! There is no such thing as a good diet, only the right amount of food is good for the body. The key to a well-balanced diet during the perioperative period is to eat a well-balanced diet. A balanced diet means choosing a variety of foods that contain a full range of nutrients in the right proportions to meet the body’s needs. Proper nutrition and a balanced diet can avoid nutritional deficiencies and is an effective measure to maintain normal immune function. A balanced diet needs to include cereals, fish, poultry, eggs, meat, soy and milk, fruits and vegetables every day. Pay attention to small meals, 100-250g per meal, more than 5-6 meals per day. Examples of balanced diet foods: Cereals Congee made of fine rice flour, rotten rice, steamed noodles, bread, soft noodles, pasta, etc. Meat Tender shredded meat, skinless shredded cooked chicken, fish balls, fish fillets, shrimp balls, meat balls, etc. Vegetables and Fruits Vegetable juices, vegetable soups, vegetable purees, peeled and softened carrots, potatoes, eggplants, winter squash, tomatoes, fruit purees, boiled fruit water, fruit juice jellies, fruit purees, and so on. Dairy Fresh milk, powdered milk, yogurt, cheese, cream of wheat milk and other dairy products. Soybeans Soymilk, bean curd, tofu Other small desserts such as cake, cookies, lotus root powder, cornstarch pudding, etc. Detailed Methods – Before Surgery For non-gastrointestinal surgery patients, just relax and eat a normal diet before the surgery is performed. Patients with gastrointestinal tumors should be given a liquid or semi-liquid diet with little residue to reduce the residue in the gastrointestinal tract before surgery. Small and frequent meals,with less residue liquid or semi-fluid as the main focus. Patients with nutritional risk (NRS2002 Nutritional Risk Screening ≥3 points) or hypoproteinemia: oral enteral nutrition solution (total nutrients, whey protein powder) + less residual fluids or semi-fluids can be given preoperatively. Detailed Methods – Postoperative After surgery, enteral nutrition is recommended as early as possible, depending on the patient’s recovery. Enteral nutrition (EN) is a nutritional support method that provides nutrients needed for metabolism through the gastrointestinal tract by oral, transgastric, and enteral tubes. The gastrointestinal tract is not only a digestive and absorptive organ, but also an important immune organ. Nutritional support through the enteral route helps to maintain the structural and barrier function integrity of the intestinal mucosa. Especially for patients after gastrointestinal surgery, early and small-dose initiation of enteral nutrition to promote the recovery of intestinal function can significantly reduce the incidence of postoperative complications, facilitate the recovery of patients and shorten the length of hospitalization. After gastrointestinal surgery, not only to supplement nutrition, but also combined with their own tolerance of dietary differentiation, can not be generalized, the diet follows the principle of “gradual progression, small amount of meals”, and to observe the presence or absence of abdominal pain, abdominal distension, diarrhea and other gastrointestinal symptoms. In general, after surgery, fasting for a certain period of time, under the guidance of the doctor or dietitian to start eating, first a small amount of sugar and salt water or warm boiled water, such as no gastrointestinal intolerance symptoms, you can eat a small amount of clear flow, and gradually transitioned to a small amount of semi-fluid flow, semi-fluid, soft rice, general food. The transition process varies according to the condition and the time required, and the general transition time is 10-15 days. If the gastrointestinal nutrition tube is left in the operation, sugar and saline can be given slowly by drip or push in the early stage, and enteral nutrition solution (short peptide or total nutrient) can be given according to the demand of the condition without any adverse reaction, and follow the principle of “from less to more, from dilute to concentrated”. At the beginning of tube feeding, the speed must be slowed down, not more than 50ml/h, 250ml of nutrient solution needs to be continuously titrated for 5 hours. If the patient does not have abdominal distension, diarrhea and other symptoms, the drip rate can be gradually increased in the next 1-5 days, and the target rate should not exceed 150 ml/h. Observe the patient’s gastrointestinal tolerance in time, and adjust the enteral nutrition program according to the condition.