I. What is asthma a disease? Asthma is a disease characterized by chronic inflammation of the airways and airway hyperresponsiveness. Clinical manifestations are recurrent episodes of expiratory dyspnea with croup, chest tightness and cough. The symptoms are mostly reversible and may resolve on their own or with treatment. If prolonged episodes can lead to airway smooth muscle hyperplasia and airway narrowing, resulting in irreversible airway obstruction (this airway inflammation persists both during acute episodes, and during remission). Airway hyperresponsiveness is a phenomenon in which the tracheobronchial tubes overreact to various physical, chemical or biological irritants; such irritants do not produce a contractile response to the airways in normal subjects and cause asthma attacks; this is the main pathophysiological feature and diagnostic basis of bronchial asthma and is due to the persistence of chronic inflammation of the airways in asthma. Bronchial mucosal epithelial damage, exposure of sensory nerve endings within the epithelial tissue, is caused by particular sensitivity to external stimuli. Second, the current status of asthma control in children. Asthma is one of the most common chronic diseases of the pediatric respiratory system in the world, and the results of the epidemiological survey of childhood asthma in China in 2002 showed that the number of children with asthma reached 10 million nationwide, an increase of 64.8% compared with 10 years ago, and it has become a serious social problem, which not only seriously affects the life, learning and growth of children, but also brings heavy economic and It has become a serious social problem. The incidence of asthma will increase year by year as the environmental problems faced by human beings become more and more serious. However, due to the long course of treatment and the fact that most of the treatment is carried out at home, many people lack the relevant knowledge and often fail to adhere to formal control and preventive measures, resulting in recurrent asthma attacks and persistent treatment. Third, the general knowledge of asthma prevention. Some children can find the corresponding allergens, and if they can avoid contact with these specific allergens, they can effectively prevent asthma attacks, but most children have difficulty in identifying the allergens, or cannot avoid them even after they are identified. Common asthma-causing factors include: 1, dust mites, cockroaches, fungi, animals, pollen, etc.; 2, medications and food additives; 3, respiratory infections; 4, passive and active smoking; 5, exercise and hyperventilation; 6, emotional hyperactivity, allergic rhinitis and gastroesophageal reflux, etc. IV. How to diagnose asthma? There are many different causes of asthma and different manifestations, and many other diseases can also show symptoms of asthma, therefore, the diagnosis of asthma needs to be made carefully. First of all, it is necessary to clarify whether there is an asthma attack or not, and after excluding other diseases, find allergens as much as possible and try to avoid contact. The diagnosis of asthma should be graded according to the degree of attack, and then the corresponding treatment should be given according to the graded level. V. Specific treatment of asthma. The asthma prevention and treatment guidelines developed by the World Health Organization and our asthma control institutions are the most authoritative programs available. The treatment of asthma is given as control therapy and preventive therapy according to the exacerbation or interval of asthma respectively. Commonly used relief drugs include glucocorticoids, beta-receptor stimulants, theophyllines, etc. Control drugs, also known as preventive drugs, mainly include inhaled glucocorticoids, sodium cromoglycate, ketotifen, leukotriene receptor blockers, extended-release theophylline and long-acting β2 agonists. The choice of specific treatment options relies on a specialist. After remission, it is also important to be guided by a physician for gradual dose reduction and not to stop the medication on your own. In other words, we should follow the guidelines for stepwise treatment. Sixth, how to self-monitor asthma patients. In addition to noting down the usual attacks and medications used, all asthma patients over the age of 5 should be equipped with a peak flow meter. This simple instrument can help you get a good grasp of your condition, provide the most reliable basis for doctors to increase or decrease medication, and indicate asthma attacks in advance. Seven, the goal of asthma control. The criteria for successful asthma management are: 1) minimal (preferably no) chronic symptoms, including nocturnal symptoms; 2) minimal number of asthma attacks; 3) no need for emergency room visits for asthma; 4) minimal (or preferably no) use of beta2 agonists as needed; 5) no activity (including exercise) limitations; 6) normal or near normal lung function (peak flow velocity values) and diurnal variability.