Pneumocysts are thin-walled cavities that form in the lungs and are usually caused by inflammation and trauma. In patients with long-term chronic bronchitis and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, large or small pneumocysts can form in the lungs, and further development of the pneumocysts can lead to the formation of a pulmonary blister, which can form a pneumothorax after rupture. The second condition is caused by trauma, where trauma can lead to the formation of traumatic cystic cavities in the patient’s lungs. In mild cases, there are usually no symptoms, while in severe cases, chest tightness, dyspnea and shortness of breath may occur. For the treatment of pneumothorax, no treatment measures are generally taken in mild cases. Patients with more serious symptoms should be treated for the primary disease, such as those caused by chronic bronchitis and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, with anti-infective treatment and antispasmodic, cough suppressant and expectorant treatment. For patients with pneumothorax arising from rupture of the cyst wall, closed drainage of the chest cavity should be taken.