Emphysema is a structural and pathological change, not a specific disease, which specifically refers to a state of hyperinflation and loss of elasticity of the lung tissue with increased air content. Lobular emphysema belongs to the type of obstructive emphysema and should be called total lobar emphysema, which refers to a diffuse change of emphysema, mostly manifested by expansion of alveolar ducts and alveolar sacs and alveoli, distributed in the lobules of the lungs. The cystic cavity of the emphysema is therefore smaller compared to other types, such as mixed emphysema and lobar central emphysema, and is commonly seen in patients with alpha1 antitrypsin deficiency. The presence of emphysema causes damage to a person’s lung function, thus often manifesting as chest tightness and shortness of breath, and timely measures should be taken to intervene to delay the decline in lung function and improve quality of life.