The causes of pain and vomiting in the back of the head include the following: 1. Symptoms caused by encephalitis in children, encephalitis in children often causes pain in the back of the head and jet-like vomiting, and at this time the children are often accompanied by fever, convulsions, and poor mental health, etc., you can do lumbar puncture and cranial MRI in time for further diagnosis. 2. If there are benign or malignant tumors in the child’s skull, the tumor volume is relatively large, which will often cause the intracranial pressure to rise, and then cause pain in the back of the head and vomiting.