The surgical treatment of hyperthyroidism (II) is a general term for a disease characterized by systemic hypermetabolism caused by the loss of the feedback control mechanism for normal thyroxine secretion and an abnormal increase in circulating thyroxine. Primary hyperthyroidism is the most common form of hyperthyroidism and is characterized by the presence of hyperfunctional symptoms along with an enlarged thyroid gland. Patients are between the ages of 20-40. Secondary hyperthyroidism is less common and is secondary to nodular goiter, where the patient has had nodular goiter for many years before developing hyperfunctional symptoms. The age of onset is 40 years or older. The gland is nodularly enlarged, asymmetrical on both sides, without proptosis symptoms, and prone to myocardial damage. 3. High-functioning adenoma, rare, with autonomous high-functioning nodules in the thyroid gland and atrophic changes in the thyroid tissue around the nodules, and the patient has no proptosis symptoms. Qin Hongbin, Department of Surgery, Guangxi Hechi People’s Hospital Indications for surgery: 1. secondary hyperthyroidism or high-functioning adenoma. 2. primary hyperthyroidism of more than moderate severity. 3. large gland with symptoms of compression, or type of hyperthyroidism such as retrosternal thyroid. 4. relapse after anti-thyroid medication or 131I (iodine) therapy or those with difficulties with long-term medication. Since hyperthyroidism can have adverse effects on pregnancy (miscarriage and premature delivery) and pregnancy may aggravate hyperthyroidism, patients with hyperthyroidism in early or mid pregnancy with the above indications should be considered for surgery. Contraindications to surgery: 1. adolescent patients; 2. patients with mild symptoms; 3. elderly patients or those with severe organic lesions that cannot tolerate surgery.