The internal carotid artery and the external carotid artery both originate from the common carotid artery, and after separation from the common carotid artery, the external carotid artery supplies the tissues and organs outside the skull, while the internal carotid artery enters the skull through the carotid foramen to supply the cerebrum and cerebellum, and the internal carotid artery enters the skull to form the Willis ring with the vertebral arteries, and the internal carotid artery supplies the first two-thirds of the brain with blood. The causes of plaque and stenosis of the internal carotid artery include hypertension, smoking, high blood cholesterol, diabetes mellitus, etc. Plaque and stenosis of the internal carotid artery significantly affect the blood supply to the brain tissues within the skull, resulting in symptoms of insufficient cerebral blood supply.