1.Surgery and Chinese medicine treatment Surgery is the main means of treating malignant tumors at present, and early cases can achieve radical cure. Certain tumor surgeries often bring various injuries and complications to elderly tumor patients due to large resection scope. 1) Pre-operative Chinese medicine treatment. Preoperative Chinese medicine can be given to replenish qi and nourish blood or strengthen the spleen and qi, nourish the liver and kidneys, with the addition and subtraction of Si Jun Zi Tang, Ba Zhen Tang, Shiquan Da Tuan Tang, Bao Yuan Tang, Liu Wei Di Huang Tang, etc., which can expand the indications for surgery and reduce the complications and after-effects after surgery. (2) Post-surgery Chinese medicine treatment. Surgery often damages qi and blood. It affects the function of internal organs and manifests as deficiency of qi and blood, or deficiency of qi and yin, disharmony between Ying and Wei, and disorders of spleen and stomach, etc. Clinically, according to the different symptoms, it is recommended to identify and treat the symptoms. Clinical diagnosis and treatment according to different symptoms can accelerate postoperative recovery, reduce recurrence and metastasis, and create conditions for radiotherapy. Regulating the spleen and stomach: due to anesthesia, bleeding and surgical trauma, especially fasting and gastrointestinal decompression after gastrointestinal surgery, tumor patients will suffer from gastrointestinal dysfunction, poor appetite, bloating, constipation, etc. At this time, it is advisable to strengthen the spleen and the stomach and give Xiangsha Six Gentlemen’s Tonic with additions and subtractions. For those who are physically weak, tonifying the middle and benefiting the qi, and appetizing and eliminating food should be given. For postoperative abdominal distension, constipation for several days, dry mouth, yellow and dry tongue coating, it is recommended to regulate qi and eliminate stagnation, pass the internal organs to remove heat, and add subtractions to Enriching Liquid Cheng Qi Tang. Benefiting qi and consolidating the surface: tumor patients with postoperative profuse sweating, or sweating at every turn, fear of cold, fatigue and weakness, this is the evidence of Ying-wei imbalance and deficiency of the surface, it is advisable to benefit qi and consolidate the surface, and give Yupingfeng San with additions or subtractions. Nourishing yin and generating fluids: After surgery, patients have great injury of stomach yin and loss of fluids, which can be seen as dry mouth and tongue, nausea, dry stools, glossy red tongue with no moss, and fine pulse, etc. This is commonly seen in digestive tract tumors after surgery, especially in those who have fistula formation and large amount of loss of digestive fluids, and at this time, it is necessary to give a large amount of yin and fluid generating traditional Chinese medicines, and the formula is mainly based on Sassafras and Macrocystic acid Tang, and Five Juice Drink with additions. Benefiting qi and detoxification: if the surgical incision of elderly tumor patients is difficult to be healed and pus secretion is flowing, it is appropriate to give the Chinese medicine of benefiting qi and detoxification, and it is given to roasted Astragalus, Radix et Rhizoma Ginseng, Radix Angelicae Sinensis, Ginkgo biloba, Dampy, Forsythia, Saponin, and so on with additions or subtractions. (3) Chinese medicine treatment should combine supporting the right and dispelling the evil. For example, for lung cancer with deficiency of yin, benefiting qi, nourishing yin and moistening lung should be given as the mainstay; for digestive tract tumors, strengthening the spleen and stomach should be given as the mainstay; for breast cancer and lymphoma, dispersing the liver and regulating qi should be given as the mainstay; dispelling the evil should be given according to the different evidence by adding or subtracting heat-removing and detoxicating, activating blood circulation and removing blood stasis, softening the hardness and dissipating knots, dissolving phlegm and dispelling dampness, regulating the qi and directing the stagnation of qi. Organic combination of the two can not only strengthen the patient’s physique and improve the immune function, but also inhibit the cancer cells to a certain extent, so as to reduce recurrence and metastasis, which is conducive to improving the long-term survival rate. Chemotherapy plus traditional Chinese medicine treatment Chemical drug treatment of tumor is an important part of comprehensive treatment. Joint sequential chemotherapy designed and arranged in accordance with the characteristics of cell proliferation dynamics has improved the clinical efficacy, especially the emergence of new drugs and the improvement of treatment methods, which has further improved the therapeutic effect of chemotherapy. However, its toxicity is large and often brings damage to the organism, such as digestive tract reaction, bone marrow suppression; damage to heart, liver and kidney functions, and lowering the immune function and other side effects. Traditional Chinese medicine can support the body’s immune function, improve the body’s immune function, chemotherapy can play a role in reducing the toxicity and increase the effect. (1) Principles of Chinese medicine treatment. The toxic side effects of chemotherapy are mainly manifested as damage to qi and blood, disorders of spleen and stomach, deficiency of liver and kidney, and congestion of heat and toxins, etc. Therefore, its main treatment principle is to tonify qi and blood, and to improve the immune function. Therefore, its main treatment principle is to tonify qi and blood, regulate the spleen and stomach, nourish the liver and kidney and clear heat and detoxification. 2) Clearing heat and removing toxins. It is suitable for the prevention of inflammatory reactions, such as high fever, in the course of chemotherapy or when high fever has already appeared. Commonly used medicines include: Ginkgo, forsythia, sanguinaria, radix et rhizoma, Radix et rhizoma, Rhizoma Coptidis, Rhizoma Coptidis (can be replaced by Rhizoma Equisetifolia). If mouth ulcers and throat ulcers appear in multi-dose high-dose chemotherapy (e.g. patients with choriocarcinoma), the following prescription is commonly used: raw astragalus, Radix et Rhizoma Dioscoreae, Radix et Rhizoma Ginseng, Ginkgo biloba, Radix Panax Quinquefolii, Radix Polygoni Multiflori, and Radix Polygoni Multiflori, the decoction should be concentrated daily, and be taken in the morning and in the evening. (3) Nourishing qi and blood. Divided into cool tonifying qi and blood and warm tonifying qi and blood. Cool tonifying qi and blood: applicable to those with weak qi and blood and hot symptoms, such as chemotherapy due to excessive heat toxicity, resulting in qi and blood deficiency of cancer patients, can be treated with cool tonifying qi and blood medicines: raw Astragalus, Salvia miltiorrhiza, Radix et Rhizoma Ginseng, Radix et Rhizoma Ginseng, Salviae Miltiorrhizae. (4) Warm tonifying qi and blood: suitable for those who suffer from qi and blood deficiency in chemotherapy and whose symptoms are weak and cold. Commonly used medicines: Lucullus Codonopsis, Radix Panax Ginseng, Red Ginseng, White Ginseng, Radix Panax Ginseng (one flavor of the above ginsengs can be chosen each time the medicine is used), Radix Angelicae Sinensis, Radix Rehmanniae Praeparatae, Radix Rehmanniae Praeparatae, Colla Corii Asini (melted), Panax Quinquefolii Powder (taken in the form of powdered ginseng), Semen Arctium Sinense, Zi He Che, Longan Pork and Jujubes with additive and subtractive measures. (5) Strengthening the spleen and harmonizing the stomach. It is suitable for chemotherapy patients with digestive dysfunction, poor appetite, nausea and vomiting. For those with loss of appetite: unappetizing diet, cold spleen and stomach, liking hot drinks, add or subtract Codonopsis pilosula, burnt atractylodes, Poria, licorice, Chen Pi, Pinellia, Semixia, Guangmuxiang, and Sha Ren. If there are symptoms of disharmony between liver and stomach, such as fullness and distension of stomach and epigastrium, chest and hypochondrium pains, it is advisable to add and subtract Angelica sinensis, Paeonia lactiflora, Poria cocos, Atractylodes macrocephala, licorice, and vinegar-fried Chai Hu, and so on, to treat the disease. Nausea and vomiting: some cancer patients often suffer from nausea or vomiting during chemotherapy. For those who vomit sour water or bitter water, it is mostly the evidence of stomach heat, and it is suitable to take decoction of fried Chen Pi, Qing Hanxia, Poria, Bamboo Roots, Rhizoma Coptidis, Ophiopogonis, Kai Loa Leaf and so on. Such as vomiting water, cool water, mostly for the spleen and stomach cold wang, suitable for fried tangerine peel, ginger half-summer, poria, roasted licorice, codonopsis, cloves, persimmon, ginger, jujube and other additions and subtractions. Commonly used Chinese patent medicines to strengthen the spleen and stomach: Shu Liver Pill, Ping Liver Shuluo Pill, Easy Pill, Jia Wei Bao He Pill, Hawthorn Pill, Ping Stomach Pill and so on. 6) Nourishing the liver and kidney. It is mainly applied to the weakening of the organism, general fatigue, and lack of spirit. Palpitation, shortness of breath, decreased white blood cells and thrombocytopenia. Commonly used drugs are: wolfberry, chasteberry, heshouwu, cornelian cherry, cuscuta, eucommia, bone marrow, dry lotus, schizandra and so on. (7) Complications of chemotherapy, sequelae and their treatment with traditional Chinese medicine Phlebitis: chemotherapeutic drugs are often more irritating to the endothelium of blood vessels, such as vincristine (VcR), nitrogen mustard hydrochloride (HN2), mitomycin (MMC), 5 fluorouracil (5 Fu) and other injections can cause phlebitis, resulting in localized pain, venous stiffening of the veins in the form of a cord and was black. It is possible to use local external application of heat-cleansing and detoxifying drugs, and internal administration of detoxifying and blood-activating drugs, such as silver flower, forsythia, chickweed vine, and Weilingxian. Local tissue damage or necrosis: chemotherapeutic drugs are more toxic, if accidentally leaked out of the blood vessels, can cause local tissue damage or even necrosis. ① Mild: local swelling, such as 5 a fluorouracil, cisplatin (DDP / PDD), etc.; ② moderate: local redness, swelling, heat, pain, such as nitrogen mustard, cyclophosphamide (cTx), etc.; ③ Severe: local tissue ulceration, necrosis, such as adriamycin (ADM), mitomycin, novobenzone (NVB), etc.. Its treatment measures are to stop the injection immediately. Retain the needle, catch the syringe back; elevate the affected limb to reduce local blood flow; apply local ulcer oil externally: raw rhubarb, cypress, comfrey, safflower, bitter ginseng, etc.; internally, take cool blood to activate the blood, clear heat and detoxification products: silver flower, forsythia, dandelion, red peony, frankincense, myrrh, etc. Nerve damage: some plant alkaloid antitumor drugs such as vincristine, vincristine diclofenac (VDs), onychotoxin (PV-wM.), etc., have obvious toxicity to peripheral nerves, which can cause numbness of limbs, generalized weakness, low knee-tendon reflexes, intestinal paralysis, constipation, and even visible ataxia. Chinese medicine treatment is suitable for activating blood circulation, benefiting the qi and tonifying the kidneys, and the medicines used are chicken blood vine, shouwu vine, danshen, astragalus, chuanjian, tonic and cinnamon sticks. Myocardial injury: certain antibiotic anticancer drugs such as adriamycin and Zoerythromycin (DNR) are toxic to myocardium, which may cause palpitation, shortness of breath, chest tightness and other symptoms, and the electrocardiogram may show ST segment change and arrhythmia. Treatment should benefit qi and activate blood, nourish blood and tranquilize the mind. The prescription is Roasted Licorice Soup or Gui Spleen Soup plus flavor or Astragalus Ginseng Capsule. Renal function damage: certain chemotherapeutic drugs such as cisplatin, carboplatin (cBP), zanpacrine, high-dose methotrexate (MTx), Zoerythromycin, and bcNu can lead to renal function damage, resulting in hematuria, proteinuria, etc. The treatment should be tonifying the kidney and strengthening the spleen. Treatment should be tonifying the kidney and strengthening the spleen, diuresis and drenching, and the formula should be Six-flavored Di Huang Tang and Eight Zheng San with additions and subtractions. Toxic hepatitis: most of the anticancer drugs, such as adriamycin, cyclophosphamide, carzapine, methotrexate, cytarabine (Ara Ic), methylbenzylhydrazine (PCB), cycloheximide nitrosourea (ccNu), etc., when used for a long period of time or in large quantities, they have poisonous side-effects on the liver, leading to toxic hepatitis. Clinical manifestations are hepatomegaly, pain in the liver area, and even jaundice and abnormal liver function measurements. Treatment should be directed to dredge the liver and relieve bile, clear heat and relieve dampness. The formula takes Yin Chen Artemisia Tang or Yin Chen Wu Ling San with additions and subtractions. Pharmacological cystitis: chemotherapeutic drugs such as cyclophosphamide, isocyclophosphamide (IFO), cephalexin (cPrr), etc. are overdosed or used for too long, which may result in pharmacological cystitis, resulting in urinary urgency, urinary frequency, urinary pain, blood in urine, etc. The treatment should be clearing heat and dampness, and removing heat and dampness. Treatment should be to clear heat, diuresis, lymphatic drainage, formula with five Ling San and guide Chi San plus reduction. Acute enteritis: chemotherapeutic drugs such as camptothecin and fluorouracil can lead to acute enteritis, resulting in severe diarrhea or constipation due to intestinal paralysis. The treatment is to strengthen the spleen and stop diarrhea, and the formula is Xiangsha Liujunzi Tang with additions and subtractions, or to regulate the qi and pass the bowels with Ma Ren Wan with additions and subtractions. Chemical pneumonia. Lung fibrosis: long-term high-dose use of certain chemotherapeutic drugs such as pingyangmycin (PYM) can lead to chemical pneumonia, pulmonary fibrosis, with corresponding symptoms such as cough, dyspnea, etc. The treatment should benefit the qi and nourish the lungs, invigorate blood circulation and remove blood stasis, and soften the hardness and dissipate the nodules, and the commonly used medicines are sasanqua, loess leaves, almonds, bei mui, chuanxiong, jiao sansian, turtle shells, fritillariae, and gua wilting. 3, radiotherapy plus traditional Chinese medicine treatment Most patients often appear after 1-2 weeks of radiotherapy, gastric fullness, loss of appetite, nausea, dry heaving and abdominal distension, diarrhea, fatigue, lack of energy, or even palpitations, shortness of breath, insomnia, sweating, dry throat, dry mouth, dry tongue, hair loss, white blood cells drop, thrombocytopenia and anemia, moss, thin white, white and greasy, thin, yellow, yellow and greasy, and the tongue texture is mostly red, reddish-reddish, and the tongue is often red, reddish-reddish, and the tongue is often red, reddish-reddish, and the tongue is often red, reddish-reddish. The tongue is mostly red, reddish-red, and the pulse is mostly stringy. According to Chinese medicine, the appearance of these symptoms is mainly due to excessive heat and toxicity, damage of fluid, disharmony of qi and blood, disorder of spleen and stomach, damage of qi and blood as well as deficiencies of liver and kidney in cancer patients after receiving radiation therapy. The main treatment principles are clearing heat and removing toxins, cooling and tonifying qi and blood, generating fluids and moistening dryness, strengthening the spleen and stomach, and nourishing the liver and kidneys. Shengjin and moistening dryness is mainly applied to patients with dry pharynx, dry mouth, dry tongue, etc. during radiotherapy, in which heat toxin injures the yin and the fluid is damaged. Commonly used drugs are Radix Rehmanniae Praeparata, Radix et Rhizoma Ginseng, Radix Ophiopogonis, Radix Dendrobium, Rhizoma Dendrobium, Rhizoma Pollen, Rhizoma Rehmanniae, decocted with water, 1 dose daily. Radiotherapy is also common complications and sequelae: 1) radioactive skin damage is divided into dry reaction, wet reaction and skin necrosis, traditional Chinese medicine is mostly used to clear heat, detoxification and dampness, such as Huanglian, Huangbai, Scutellaria baicalensis, rhubarb, white fresh skin, comfrey and Panax quinquefolium. (2) Oral, nasal and pharyngeal radioactive reaction is common oral mucositis, oral dryness, radioactive dental caries and even bone necrosis, the treatment is to clear heat and fire, nourish yin and moisten the dryness for the method, clearing the stomach, nourishing the yin and clearing the lungs, Zhi Bai Di Huang Wan and so on with additions and subtractions. (3) Radioactive esophageal injury often occurs in radiation therapy for chest tumors such as lung cancer, mediastinal tumor, esophageal cancer, breast cancer and so on. The treatment should be nourishing yin and clearing heat, descending reversal and relieving pain, commonly using Radix Rehmanniae Praeparata, Dendrobium officinale, Radix et Rhizoma Gastrodiae, Radix et Rhizoma Ophiopogonis, Radix et Rhizoma Ginseng, Radix et Rhizoma Ginseng, Radix et Rhizoma Polygoni Multiflori, Radix et Rhizoma Glycyrrhizae, Rhizoma Polygoni Multiflori, Radix et Rhizoma Polygoni Multiflori, and so on. (4) Radioactive lung injury is characterized by irritating dry cough, lack of sputum, chest tightness and shortness of breath, chest pain and fever, or even dyspnea, which is more common in chest tumor radiation therapy. Treatment should be based on clearing lung and resolving phlegm, nourishing yin and moistening lung, and detoxifying and clearing collaterals. It is often used in Lily Solid Gold Soup, Diarrhea White Bulk, Reed Stem Soup, Small Trapped Thorax Soup, Nourishing Yin and Clearing Lung Leak and other additives and subtractions. (5) Radiological heart injury symptoms such as pain in the precordial region, panic and chest tightness, accompanied by fever and sweating, heartburn and fatigue, and even dyspnea, pericardial effusion and myocardial infarction. Abnormal changes in electrocardiogram, traditional Chinese medicine treatment to replenish blood and nourish the heart, benefit qi and nourish yin, and regulate qi and pass the collaterals of the formula. Choose Heavenly King’s Heart Tonic Dan, Gui Spleen Soup, Sheng Wei Drink and so on. (6) Radioactive colorectitis, in which the radiotherapy of pelvic tumor will directly cause the damage of colon and rectum, with severe diarrhea and abdominal pain as the main symptom, and delayed proctitis will also occur in some patients, and mucus stools will be seen. The treatment is to clear away heat and dampness, strengthen the spleen and regulate qi, and also warm the kidney, with the addition and subtraction of ginseng-ling-white-jujutsu-san, baihouweng-tang, appendicia-zi lizhong-tang, and so on. (7) Radiation cystitis, the main symptoms of which are frequent urination, burning pain, yellowish red urine, dry mouth and drinking, etc. If the evidence belongs to the toxic heat obstructing the lower jiao, the patient should be given the treatment of nourishing the liver and kidney, nourishing the yin to reduce the heat, and the treatment should be added and subtracted with the addition and subtraction of the Six-flavored Digoxigenin Soup, Bazheng San, and Guanchisan. (8) Radioactive brain and spinal cord injuries are divided into acute and delayed reactions, which can be seen as increased intracranial pressure, fever, drowsiness, limb pain, numbness, electric shock, or even impaired activity, hyperalgesia, cerebral atrophic necrosis, etc. The treatment is to clear away heat and remove toxins, and to strengthen and eliminate toxins. The treatment should be clearing heat and removing toxins, strengthening the spleen and resolving obstruction, tonifying the kidney and calming the liver, opening the orifices and collaterals, and facilitating the tendons and veins, and the following additives and subtractions should be given: Rhizoma Ligustici and Gypsum Soup, Great Tonic Yuan Decoction, Semixia and Atractylodes Tianmu Soup, Tonifying the Orifices and Promoting Blood Soup, and Tiger Submerged Pill. Radiation therapy may also lead to liver damage, kidney damage, bone marrow suppression, immunosuppression, radiation gastritis and so on. All of them can be treated with Chinese medicine to reduce the toxic side effects. Capsules, Pingxia Capsules, Zilongjin Tablets, Anti-cancer Tablets and so on.