Normal lip color is mostly pink, if the color of red is too bright or deep purplish red, that is, the lips of the mouth are flushed. Under pathological conditions, such as the occurrence of oral mucosal inflammation, or bacterial infectious diseases, cardiovascular diseases, digestive system diseases, etc. Examination items: 1. Morphological examination of oral herpes simplex virus (1) smear for inclusion bodies: i.e. scraping and staining at the base of the blisters can reveal the presence of multinucleated giant cells containing eosinophilic inclusion bodies. However, it should be noted that other herpes virus infections have similar presentations. (2) Electron microscopic examination of damaged cells for the presence of immature viral particles, or direct search for viral particles in the herpes fluid. (2) Immunological examination (1) Antigen detection: monoclonal antibodies against various types of HSV antigens are used to find specific antigens from damaged cells using immunofluorescence or other immunohistochemical techniques. (2) Antibody detection: Antibody neutralization test, complement binding test or ETJSA is performed with HSV antigen and patient’s serum to detect elevated antibody titers. But this test is of little value for early diagnosis. j*wl,百拇医药 3, virus isolation of oral herpes simplex virus The lesion scrapings or blister fluid inoculated in susceptible tissue culture cells or newborn mice, in the resulting lesion cells or tissues can be isolated to HSV virus, and type identification, but the success rate is not high. j*wl,百拇医药 4, genetic examination In recent years, the use of nucleic acid hybridization, enzymatic profiling, as well as polymerase polymerization. Enzyme mapping and polymerase chain reaction (PCR), etc., can be used to determine the specific DNA signal to diagnose HSV infection, PCR method is sensitive and rapid, but there is a high degree of false positives. 5.Special bacterial smear test Special bacterial smear test is a smear test method to detect pathogens including gonococcus, Cryptococcus novelis, syphilis spirochetes, Corynebacterium diphtheriae, etc. 6.Sputum bacterial culture When bacterial infection occurs in human lungs or bronchi, the amount of sputum increases significantly. Sputum bacterial culture, which isolates pathogenic bacteria, helps in the diagnosis and treatment of infectious diseases of the lower respiratory tract. Gram-positive bacteria include Streptococcus pneumoniae, Staphylococcus aureus, Mycobacterium tuberculosis, Actinomyces, Nucleus, anaerobic cocci, Corynebacterium diphtheriae, etc.