Clinical manifestations of renal insufficiency include water and electrolyte metabolism disorders, protein, sugar, lipid and vitamin metabolism disorders, cardiovascular system manifestations, respiratory system manifestations, gastrointestinal symptoms. 1. Water and electrolyte metabolism disorder: including metabolic acidosis, water and sodium metabolism disorder, potassium metabolism disorder, calcium and phosphorus metabolism disorder, magnesium metabolism disorder. 2. Protein, sugar, lipid and vitamin metabolism disorders: including protein metabolism disorders, abnormal sugar metabolism, lipid metabolism disorders, vitamin metabolism disorders. 3. Cardiovascular system manifestations: including hypertension and left ventricular hypertrophy, heart failure, uremic cardiomyopathy, pericardial lesions, vascular calcification and atherosclerosis. 4. respiratory symptoms: including shortness of breath, shortness of breath, pulmonary edema, pleural effusion, etc. 5. Gastrointestinal symptoms: the main manifestations include lack of appetite, nausea, vomiting, and urine odor in the mouth. Patients with renal insufficiency should go to the hospital in time and standardize the treatment under the guidance of professional physicians to avoid delay.