1, the prevention of calcium-containing urinary tract stones should start with changing lifestyle habits and adjusting dietary structure, including increasing fluids, fruits and vegetables, coarse grains and fiber diet, reducing body weight, normal-range calcium diet, limiting oxalic acid, sodium, animal proteins, high-purine and vitamin C diets, increasing appropriate physical activity, maintaining a nutritional balance and increasing the intake of citrate-rich fruits is an important measure to prevent the recurrence of stones. . Only when changing lifestyle habits and adjusting dietary structure is ineffective, then consider using medication. (1) Increase fluid intake: daily fluid intake of more than 2.5~3.0L, urine specific gravity less than 1.010 is appropriate. Non-dairy fluids with less oxalic acid content are preferred. Avoid excessive consumption of caffeine, black tea, grape juice, apple juice and Coca-Cola. More orange juice, sour cranberry juice and lemonade are recommended. (2) Dietary Calcium: A low-calcium diet is recommended for patients with absorptive hypercalciuria. A diet high in calcium in the normal range or to an appropriate degree is advocated, but calcium supplementation beyond dietary calcium may be detrimental to stone prevention. Pharmacologic calcium supplementation to prevent recurrence of calcium-containing stones is indicated only for enterogenic hyperoxaluria; oral administration of 200 to 400 mg of calcium citrate can increase urinary citrate excretion while inhibiting urinary oxalate excretion. It is recommended to consume more dairy products (milk, cheese, yogurt, etc.), tofu and small fish and other foods. Daily calcium intake for adults should be 800~1000mg (20~25 mmol). (3) Limit dietary intake of oxalic acid: Patients with calcium oxalate stones, especially those with hyperoxaluria, should avoid oxalic acid-rich foods such as kale, almonds, peanuts, beets, parsley, spinach, rhubarb, black tea and cocoa powder. Of these, spinach has the highest amount of oxalic acid. A low-calcium diet promotes intestinal absorption of oxalate and increases urinary oxalate excretion. Calcium supplementation is beneficial in reducing intestinal oxalate absorption, however, only in patients with enterogenic hyperoxaluria. (4) Pharmacological prophylaxis (please combine the specific medication with the clinic and be guided by the doctor’s face-to-face consultation): citrate, thiazide diuretics and allopurinol, vitamin B6 and Chinese herbs. Citrate: Alkaline citrate can increase urinary citrate excretion, reduce urinary supersaturation of calcium oxalate, calcium phosphate and urate, and improve inhibition of crystal aggregation and growth, which can effectively reduce recurrence of calcium-containing stones. It is now believed that its indications may be extended to patients with all types of calcium-containing stones. The common dosage is 1~2 g of sodium hydrogen potassium citrate (Youlai Te), 3 times/d, 1~2 g of potassium citrate or 3 g of potassium sodium citrate, 2~3 times/d. The key to the prevention of uric acid stones is to increase the volume of urine, increase the pH of urine (alkalize the urine, and apply sodium hydrogen potassium citrate to maintain the pH at 6.5~6.8) and reduce the formation and excretion of uric acid (take oral allopurinol 300 mg/d , folic acid 5 mg/d) 3 links. 3, infection stone prevention recommended low calcium, low phosphorus diet. Aluminum hydroxide or aluminum carbonate gel can combine with phosphorus ions in the small intestine to form insoluble aluminum phosphate, thus reducing intestinal absorption of phosphorus and urinary phosphorus excretion. Stones should be removed surgically whenever possible. Antibiotics are recommended for the treatment of infections based on drug susceptibility testing, emphasizing the need for an adequate course of medication for anti-infective therapy (relatively large therapeutic doses for 1 to 2 weeks to bring the urine to sterility, followed by a maintenance dose and maintained for 3 months. In patients with severe infections, urinary enzyme inhibitors should be used; the first dose of acetohydroxamic acid is 250 mg twice daily for 3 to 4 weeks, and the dose can be increased by 250 mg three times daily if the patient can tolerate it. Acidification of urine can improve the solubility of phosphate, you can use amine chloride 1 g, 2~3 times/d or methionine 500mg, 2~3 times/d. 4, cystine stone prevention, pay attention to a large number of drinking water, alkalinization of urine (sodium potassium hydrogen citrate, pH value of 7.5 or more), low-protein diet, avoid excessive consumption of methionine-rich foods (soybean, wheat, fish, meat, legumes, and mushrooms, etc.), low protein diet reduces cystine excretion, limits sodium intake and urinary cystine excretion above 3 mmol/24h, and applies thiopronin (-mercaptopropionylglycine) 250-2000 mg/d or captopril 75-150 mg/d.