Most patients with Guillain-Barré syndrome can be cured with early and aggressive treatment, while a small number of patients have severe disease with lasting neurologic deficits and some die from complications. Guillain-Barré syndrome is an autoimmune-mediated peripheral neuropathy that mainly affects most spinal nerve roots and peripheral nerves, and often also involves cerebral nerves. It is characterized by an acute onset, with symptoms peaking at about 2 weeks, multiple nerve root and peripheral nerve lesions, cerebrospinal fluid protein-cell separation, and a monochronic, self-limited course. The disease is self-limiting, and treatment with intravenous immunoglobulin and plasma exchange is effective and has a good prognosis. The paralysis usually begins to recover after 3 weeks, and most patients return to normal within 2 months to 1 year, with about 10% of patients left with more serious sequelae. The mortality rate is about 5%, mainly due to complications such as respiratory failure, infection, hypotension, and severe cardiac arrhythmias. 60 years of age or older, rapid progression of the disease, the need for assisted respiration, and a decrease in motor nerve waveforms are risk factors for poor prognosis. When Guillain-Barré syndrome is considered, early and standardized treatment under a physician’s supervision is recommended to achieve a good outcome.