Abstract: Objective: To investigate the endoluminal treatment of thrombo-occlusive vasculitis (TAO) Methods: Sixteen patients (18 lower limbs) with TAO were admitted to the Department of Vascular Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Shanghai from April 2006 to May 2008 and were treated surgically. Lower limb angiography was performed on the lesioned limbs, and thrombolysis and balloon dilation and plasty were performed according to the inflow and outflow tracts revealed by the preoperative CTA results. The immediate success rate of PTA was 83.34% (15/18). The skin temperature of 15 affected limbs increased significantly after surgery, the intermittent claudication disappeared or the claudication distance was prolonged, the resting pain disappeared or decreased significantly, and the dorsalis pedis or posterior tibial artery pulsation was restored in 9 cases. The ankle/brachial index recovered from 0.33±0.16 to 0.79±0.23 1 week after surgery. 8 cases with toe necrosis showed disappearance of exudation and healing of the wound surface. Postoperative follow-up period: 2 to 24 months, mean follow-up period: 10.84 months. The postoperative follow-up by CTA and A/BI examination of the lower extremity, the patency rate at 3 months after surgery was: 81.33%, and the patency rate at 1 year was: 60.23%. Conclusion: PTA in TAO patients can improve blood supply to the affected limb, promote healing of ulcers and wounds, increase limb preservation rate and reduce amputation plane. The recent results are satisfactory and it is an alternative new treatment route.