Intestinal wall thickening is usually found on endoscopy or CT, and the causes are divided into two main categories, namely neoplastic and non-neoplastic causes. Non-neoplastic causes are divided into inflammatory and non-inflammatory causes. Inflammatory causes usually refer to TB, i.e. tuberculous colitis, while non-inflammatory causes are common in Crohn’s disease, ulcerative colitis and other vascular lesions such as ischemic bowel disease and leukoaraiosis, which can cause thickening of the intestinal wall. In addition, tumorigenic causes can be divided into benign tumorigenic and malignant tumorigenic. Benign tumors are often smooth muscle tumors, mesenchymal tumors and neurofibromas; malignant tumors are more common with neuroendocrine tumors. Therefore, patients who find thickening of the intestinal wall need to go to the hospital for detailed examination in a timely manner, to clarify the cause through abdominal CT and ultrasound endoscopy, and to actively treat the symptoms.